Reddy Chada S
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Hum Exp Toxicol. 2005 May;24(5):235-42. doi: 10.1191/0960327105ht514oa.
Cyclic AMP is an important second messenger mediating the actions of many hormones and other ligands in a variety of cells. Cells of the developing organism are no exception. Once generated, it releases the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) from the inhibitory influence of its regulatory subunit, which then migrates into the nucleus to phosphorylate and enhance the binding of relevant transcription factors to the promoter element CRE of genes involved in above cellular responses. This review summarizes the available data on the essential role of this pathway in embryonic development as well as the functionality, ontogeny and consequences of genetic and chemical disruption of this pathway in the developing orofacial structures, especially the secondary palate as influenced by the mycotoxin, secalonic acid D.
环磷酸腺苷（Cyclic AMP）是一种重要的第二信使，介导多种激素和其他配体在多种细胞中的作用。发育中的生物体的细胞也不例外。一旦产生，它就会使蛋白激酶A（PKA）的催化亚基从其调节亚基的抑制作用中释放出来，然后迁移到细胞核中进行磷酸化，并增强相关转录因子与参与上述细胞反应的基因的启动子元件CRE的结合。本综述总结了关于该信号通路在胚胎发育中的重要作用，以及该信号通路在发育中的口面部结构，特别是受霉菌毒素黑麦交链孢酸D影响的次生腭中的功能、个体发生以及遗传和化学干扰的后果的现有数据。
