von Lode Piia
Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A 6th floor, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
Clin Biochem. 2005 Jul;38(7):591-606. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.03.008.
The use of point-of-care (POC) immunoassays has increased significantly and the menu of analytes continues to expand. Most of the rapid immunoassays are currently based on simple manual assay devices such as the immunochromatographic, agglutination, and immunofiltration assays. Although automated readers have recently been introduced at an increasing pace, the major benefit of these genuinely hand-portable assay devices is that they do not usually necessitate instrumentation but can be performed anywhere. Significant advances in assay and detection technologies have, however, recently facilitated the introduction of truly quantitative, sophisticated immunoassay methods to POC settings as well, with the analytical performance characteristics approaching those of conventional laboratory assays. Furthermore, innovative assay technologies such as those based on immunosensors have been introduced to POC testing (POCT) without ever being employed in clinical laboratories. However, further simplification of the assay procedures and analyzers is still feasible, and strong efforts are directed towards the development of miniaturized and simple, yet sensitive and quantitative, novel assay technologies to keep up with the increasing expectations set on future POC immunotesting.
即时检验（POC）免疫分析的应用显著增加，可检测分析物的种类也在不断扩大。目前，大多数快速免疫分析基于简单的手动检测设备，如免疫层析法、凝集法和免疫过滤法。尽管近期自动读数仪的推出速度越来越快，但这些真正便于携带的检测设备的主要优势在于，它们通常无需仪器设备，可在任何地点进行检测。然而，检测和检测技术的重大进展最近也推动了真正定量、精密的免疫分析方法在即时检验环境中的应用，其分析性能特征已接近传统实验室检测。此外，基于免疫传感器等创新检测技术已被引入即时检验（POCT），而这些技术从未在临床实验室中使用过。不过，检测程序和分析仪仍有进一步简化的空间，目前正大力研发小型化、简单但灵敏且定量的新型检测技术，以满足未来即时检验免疫检测不断提高的期望。
