Moral R, Perez-Murcia M D, Perez-Espinosa A, Moreno-Caselles J, Paredes C
Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra Beniel Km 3.2, E-03312 Orihuela-Alicante, Spain.
Waste Manag. 2005;25(7):719-25. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2004.09.010. Epub 2004 Nov 21.
The contents of available nutrients in pig slurries are not easy to quantify in situ without laboratory facilities, but chemical analyses using standard laboratory methods also take time and are costly and not practical for most farms. Thus, when animal slurries are applied to land, their fertiliser potential is often unknown. In addition, in the last years, the changes in the management of industrial piggeries has changed the nature of the pig slurries vg. decrease of the dry matter content, and consequently the methods and equations used for estimating the nutrient contents in these residues must be checked. In our study, slurry samples were collected from the storage tanks of 36 commercial farms in Southeast Spain. Samples were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), redox potential (RP), specific density (D), total solids (TS), sedimentable solids (SS), biological oxygen demand (BOD(5)), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TKN), ammonium nitrogen (AN), organic nitrogen (ON), and total contents of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Relationships between major nutrient levels of pig slurries and a range of physical and chemical properties were investigated. We also analysed the variability of pig slurries according to the production stage. TKN, AN and K were closely related to EC. The P content in slurries was related more closely to solids-derived parameters such as D. The use of multiple properties to estimate nutrient contents in pig slurries, especially for AN and K, seemed unnecessary due to the limited improvement achieved with an additional property. Therefore, electrical conductivity seemed to be the most appropriate single, easily determined parameter for estimation of total and ammonium nitrogen and potassium in pig slurries, with more than 83% of the variance explained. P seemed to be the worst key nutrient for estimation using any easily determined parameter.
在没有实验室设施的情况下，很难现场定量测定猪粪中有效养分的含量。然而，采用标准实验室方法进行化学分析不仅耗时，成本也很高，对大多数养殖场来说并不实用。因此，当动物粪便施用于农田时，其肥料潜力往往是未知的。此外，在过去几年中，工业化养猪场管理方式的变化改变了猪粪的性质，例如干物质含量降低，因此必须重新审视用于估算这些粪便中养分含量的方法和公式。在我们的研究中，从西班牙东南部36个商业养殖场的储存池中采集了粪便样本，分析了样本的pH值、电导率（EC）、氧化还原电位（RP）、比重（D）、总固体（TS）、可沉降固体（SS）、生物需氧量（BOD₅）、化学需氧量（COD）、总氮（TKN）、铵态氮（AN）、有机氮（ON）以及磷、钾、钙和镁的总含量。研究了猪粪主要养分水平与一系列物理化学性质之间的关系。我们还根据生产阶段分析了猪粪的变异性。总氮、铵态氮和钾与电导率密切相关。粪便中的磷含量与比重等固体衍生参数关系更为密切。由于增加一个参数所带来的改善有限，因此利用多个性质来估算猪粪中的养分含量，尤其是铵态氮和钾，似乎没有必要。因此，电导率似乎是估算猪粪中总氮、铵态氮和钾的最合适的单一且易于测定的参数，其可解释的方差超过83%。对于利用任何易于测定的参数进行估算而言，磷似乎是最不理想的关键养分。
