Nishimura Takeshi D, Takai Masanaru, Tsubamoto Takehisa, Egi Naoko, Shigehara Nobuo
Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
J Hum Evol. 2005 Sep;49(3):370-89. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.05.001.
Variations in the maxillary sinus anatomy of extant and fossil catarrhine primates have been extensively examined using computed tomography (CT), and have potential utility for phylogenetic analyses. This approach has also been used to demonstrate its anatomical variation in eight of the 16 extant genera of platyrrhines and the absence of the sinus in Saimiri and Cacajao. We used this approach to evaluate the three-dimensional anatomy of the maxillary sinus in all extant platyrrhine genera, and here argue the phylogenic implications of this variation. This study confirms, for the most part, previous CT studies and augments them with the six genera not studied previously: Ateles, Lagothrix, Callithrix, Cebuella, Pithecia and Chiropotes. The entire maxilla is pneumatized by the sinus in the atelines, Cebus, and Callicebus, whereas the sinus pneumatizes only the medial part of the maxilla in the callitrichines and Aotus. Pithecia has a unique conformation in which the maxillary sinus and the expanded inferior meatus pneumatize the posteromedial and anterolateral parts of the entire maxilla, respectively. Chiropotes has no sinus, and the inferior meatus possibly expands into the area between the middle meatus and medial surface of the maxilla to disturb sinus formation, as in the case of its close relative Cacajao. Finally, we argue that the sinus that pneumatizes the entire maxilla is a primitive feature in extant platyrrhines and was probably shared by the last common ancestor of the anthropoids.
利用计算机断层扫描（CT）已对现存和化石类人猿灵长类动物的上颌窦解剖结构变异进行了广泛研究，且其在系统发育分析中具有潜在用途。这种方法也被用于证明阔鼻猴16个现存属中的8个属的上颌窦解剖变异，以及松鼠猴属和白秃猴属中不存在上颌窦。我们使用这种方法评估了所有现存阔鼻猴属上颌窦的三维解剖结构，并在此讨论这种变异的系统发育意义。本研究在很大程度上证实了先前的CT研究，并补充了6个先前未研究过的属：蛛猴属、绒毛猴属、狨属、倭狨属、丛尾猴属和节尾猴属。在蛛猴科、卷尾猴属和伶猴属中，整个上颌骨都被上颌窦气化为空腔，而在狨科和夜猴属中，上颌窦仅气化为上颌骨的内侧部分。丛尾猴属有一种独特的结构，其中上颌窦和扩大的下鼻道分别气化为整个上颌骨的后内侧和前外侧部分。节尾猴属没有上颌窦，并且下鼻道可能扩展到中鼻道和上颌骨内侧表面之间的区域，从而干扰上颌窦的形成，就像其近亲白秃猴属的情况一样。最后，我们认为气化为整个上颌骨的上颌窦是现存阔鼻猴的一个原始特征，可能为类人猿的最后一个共同祖先所共有。
