Striegel Heiko, Simon Perikles, Frisch Steffen, Roecker Kai, Dietz Klaus, Dickhuth Hans-Hermann, Ulrich Rolf
Department Sports Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Silchertrasse 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006 Jan 4;81(1):11-9. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.05.013. Epub 2005 Jul 11.
Anabolic ergogenic substance use, in particular the use of anabolic androgenic steroids, is a serious problem in general. Nevertheless, it is subject to debate whether ergogenic substance users exhibit similar features as multiple substance users or whether they constitute a discrete group.
One thousand eight hundred and two standardized, anonymous questionnaires were distributed among visitors of 113 fitness centers. Questions were asked concerning biometric parameters, social indicators, physical fitness, use of natural stimulants, general illicit drugs and ergogenic substances. With logistic regression analysis, multivariate odds ratios were estimated to investigate the association of anabolic ergogenic substance or general illicit drug use with other parameters.
13.5% of all participants confessed to having used anabolic ergogenic substances at some point in time. Anabolic ergogenic substance use was positively related with cocaine use, training years, training frequency, negatively related to the level of education, alcohol intake and less frequently used by Germans than by non-Germans. General illicit drug use, however, was positively related with alcohol intake, smoking and a university degree and negatively with having children. In addition, anabolic ergogenic substance use was significantly related with the use of general illicit drugs based on the strong relation with the use of cocaine, which is an ergogenic substance itself. The health care system supplies 48.1% of the anaolic ergogenic substance users with their substances and 32.1% are even monitored by a physician.
The results of this study strengthen the notion that anabolic ergogenic substance users constitute a specific body-oriented substance user group. Uncommon for general illicit drug use, the health care system is a major sponsor of anabolic ergogenic substance users. These findings suggest the need for alternative approaches for successful prevention and intervention programs.
合成代谢类促力物质的使用，尤其是合成代谢雄激素类固醇的使用，总体而言是个严重问题。然而，促力物质使用者是否表现出与多种物质使用者相似的特征，或者他们是否构成一个独立的群体，这仍存在争议。
在113家健身中心的访客中发放了1802份标准化的匿名问卷。询问了有关生物特征参数、社会指标、身体素质、天然兴奋剂的使用、一般非法药物和促力物质的问题。通过逻辑回归分析，估计多变量比值比，以研究合成代谢促力物质或一般非法药物使用与其他参数之间的关联。
所有参与者中有13.5%承认在某个时间点使用过合成代谢促力物质。合成代谢促力物质的使用与可卡因使用、训练年限、训练频率呈正相关，与教育水平、酒精摄入量呈负相关，德国人使用的频率低于非德国人。然而，一般非法药物的使用与酒精摄入量、吸烟和大学学历呈正相关，与育有子女呈负相关。此外，基于与可卡因使用的密切关系，合成代谢促力物质的使用与一般非法药物的使用显著相关，而可卡因本身就是一种促力物质。医疗保健系统为48.1%的合成代谢促力物质使用者提供药物，甚至有32.1%受到医生的监测。
本研究结果强化了这样一种观念，即合成代谢促力物质使用者构成了一个特定的以身体为导向的物质使用者群体。与一般非法药物使用不同的是，医疗保健系统是合成代谢促力物质使用者的主要资助者。这些发现表明，成功的预防和干预计划需要采用替代方法。
