Early identification and interventions for female athlete triad.

The diagnosis of female athlete triad is based on three criteria: (a) disordered eating, (b) amenorrhea, and (c) osteopenia. Prevention involves increasing awareness of this problem in athletes, parents, and coaches. Routine and opportunistic screening for risk factors by health care providers will increase early detection in athletes. Appropriate evaluation and treatment will decrease the consequences of this disorder. Consequences include stress fractures, development of eating disorders, and lower peak bone mass resulting in increased risk of osteoporosis later in life. A primary care case manager who provides motivation and support along with a multidisciplinary approach to treatment is recommended. This approach includes nutritional, exercise, and psychological therapies and possibly supplements and medication for optimal results.