Munkner Runa, Haastrup Soeren, Joergensen Torben, Kramp Peter
The Psychiatric Department, Glostrup University Hospital, Copenhagen County, Denmark.
Eur Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;20(4):321-6. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.01.008.
The study examines how age, sex and substance use disorder are associated with the risk of committing a criminal offence. The study explicitly examines the risk after the first contact to the psychiatric hospital system and after the diagnosis of schizophrenia for those with no previous criminal record; the association between previous non-violent criminality and later violent criminality is also analysed. The study sample comprised 4619 individuals ever diagnosed with schizophrenia. All solved offences were accessible. Data were analysed using Cox's regression. Schizophrenic men had twice the risk of schizophrenic women of committing both violent and non-violent offences. A registered substance use disorder increased the risk 1.9- to 3.7-fold, depending on the starting point for the analyses, while increasing age on first contact or when diagnosed with schizophrenia diminished the risk. Previous non-violent criminality increased the risk for later violent criminality 2.5- to 2.7-fold, depending on the starting point for the analyses. The results suggest that the psychiatric treatment system can play an active role in preventing criminality among individuals with schizophrenia. The preventive measures should be based on a thorough assessment including criminal history at intake and alertness toward young psychotic men with substance use disorders and especially if they also have a criminal history.
该研究探讨了年龄、性别和物质使用障碍如何与犯罪风险相关联。该研究明确考察了首次接触精神病院系统后以及对无犯罪记录者诊断为精神分裂症后的风险；还分析了既往非暴力犯罪与后来暴力犯罪之间的关联。研究样本包括4619名曾被诊断为精神分裂症的个体。所有已解决的犯罪记录均可获取。数据采用Cox回归进行分析。精神分裂症男性实施暴力和非暴力犯罪的风险是精神分裂症女性的两倍。登记的物质使用障碍使风险增加1.9至3.7倍，这取决于分析的起始点，而首次接触或被诊断为精神分裂症时年龄的增加会降低风险。既往非暴力犯罪使后来暴力犯罪的风险增加2.5至2.7倍，这取决于分析的起始点。结果表明，精神病治疗系统在预防精神分裂症患者犯罪方面可以发挥积极作用。预防措施应基于全面评估，包括入院时的犯罪史以及对有物质使用障碍的年轻精神病男性保持警惕，尤其是当他们也有犯罪史时。
