Seena S, Sridhar K R
Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Karnataka, India.
Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2004 Dec;55(8):615-25. doi: 10.1080/09637480500085622.
Seeds of an unconventional legume, Canavalia cathartica from the mangroves of the southwest coast of India, were screened for proximate composition, minerals, protein fractions, amino acid profiles, fatty acids and some anti-nutritional factors. The seeds consisted of 31.2%, 1.86%, 61.4% and 1580 kJ crude proteins, crude lipid, crude carbohydrates and calories, respectively. The crude protein content of seeds was higher than common cereals, whole-wheat flour (8.55%), parboiled rice (7.7%) and egg (12.6%). Essential amino acids, threonine, cysteine + methionine, isoleucine, tyrosine + phenylalanine and lysine were higher than Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations/World Health Organization patterns. On comparing the amino acid profile of mangrove and sand dune C. cathartica seeds, the latter were found to be superior (total amino acid content, 123.5% versus 60.8%), while the result was vice versa with respect to the polyunsaturated/saturated ratio (105.9 versus 2.52). The seeds possessed 1420 mg/100 g total phenolics and strong hemagglutination activity, while tannins and trypsin inhibition activity were absent. Physical, nutritional and anti-nutritional features of seeds of C. cathartica of the mangrove have been compared with those of C. cathartica of the sand dunes of the southwest coast of India. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the physical, proximal and mineral composition except for ash, magnesium and copper. The protein efficiency ratio, food efficiency ratio, net protein retention, protein retention efficiency, biological value, net protein utilization and true digestibility of C. cathartica seeds were significantly different (P < 0.05) from casein. In spite of the high protein content, animal-feeding trials indicated low nutritional quality. Nutritional, anti-nutritional factors and protein qualities of seeds C. cathartica have been discussed in comparison with other species of Canavalia.
对来自印度西南海岸红树林的一种非常规豆科植物——泻叶刀豆的种子进行了近似成分、矿物质、蛋白质组分、氨基酸谱、脂肪酸及一些抗营养因子的筛选。种子中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗碳水化合物和热量的含量分别为31.2%、1.86%、61.4%和1580千焦。种子的粗蛋白含量高于常见谷物、全麦粉（8.55%）、蒸谷米（7.7%）和鸡蛋（12.6%）。必需氨基酸苏氨酸、半胱氨酸+蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、酪氨酸+苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸的含量高于联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织的标准模式。比较红树林和沙丘泻叶刀豆种子的氨基酸谱，发现后者更优（总氨基酸含量分别为123.5%和60.8%），而多不饱和/饱和脂肪酸比例则相反（分别为105.9和2.52）。种子含有1420毫克/100克总酚类物质且具有较强的血凝活性，而不含单宁和胰蛋白酶抑制活性。已将红树林泻叶刀豆种子的物理、营养和抗营养特性与印度西南海岸沙丘泻叶刀豆的特性进行了比较。除了灰分、镁和铜之外，在物理、近似成分和矿物质组成方面观察到显著差异（P<0.05）。泻叶刀豆种子的蛋白质效率比、食物效率比、净蛋白质保留率、蛋白质保留效率、生物价、净蛋白质利用率和真消化率与酪蛋白有显著差异（P<0.05）。尽管蛋白质含量高，但动物饲养试验表明其营养质量较低。已将泻叶刀豆种子的营养、抗营养因子和蛋白质质量与刀豆属的其他物种进行了比较讨论。
