Chen Wan, Woods Susan L, Puntillo Kathleen A
School of Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, Box 0606, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Heart Lung. 2005 Jul-Aug;34(4):240-7. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2004.12.004.
Recognizing similarities and differences in symptom experiences of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between men and women has implications for both health care providers and the general public. Rapid accurate diagnosis is necessary to implement timely lifesaving treatment. The purpose of this article is to critically review and evaluate studies that have compared symptoms of AMI between men and women. Research to date has demonstrated that during AMI, women are more likely than men to report shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, back pain, jaw pain, neck pain, cough, and fatigue, but less likely than men to report chest pain and sweating. However, the findings were inconsistent across studies. These inconsistent findings could be attributable to methodological issues such as collecting data from medical records, small sample sizes, and controversial eligibility criteria for studies. More studies are needed to confirm gender differences in symptom experiences of AMI.
认识到男性和女性急性心肌梗死（AMI）症状体验的异同，对医疗保健提供者和公众都具有重要意义。快速准确的诊断对于及时实施挽救生命的治疗至关重要。本文的目的是批判性地回顾和评估比较男性和女性AMI症状的研究。迄今为止的研究表明，在AMI期间，女性比男性更有可能报告呼吸急促、恶心、呕吐、背痛、颌痛、颈痛、咳嗽和疲劳，但比男性报告胸痛和出汗的可能性更小。然而，各研究的结果并不一致。这些不一致的结果可能归因于方法学问题，如从病历中收集数据、样本量小以及研究的入选标准存在争议。需要更多的研究来证实AMI症状体验中的性别差异。
