Wilson P R, Thomas D G, Stafford K J, Mellor D J
Institute of Veterinary Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
N Z Vet J. 1999 Oct;47(5):167-74. doi: 10.1080/00480169.1999.36137.
To evaluate the effectiveness of various routes of administration and doses of local anaesthetic to provide analgesia of the velvet antler of young stags.
In study 1, in which an electrical stimulus was used, 64 l-year-old male red and red X wapiti deer with velvet antler lo-30 cm long, were randomly allocated to one of ten treatments with four treatments/animal, and 23 or 24 antlers/treatment. Treatments delivered included three control groups, three local anaesthetic (2% lignocaine HCL) doses delivered by ring block (5, 10 or 15 ml per pedicle), and a high or low regional block with or without an auriculopalpebral nerve block (5 ml per site). An electrical stimulus was applied before and 1,2,4 and 8 minutes after local anaesthetic treatments and to controls, at an increasing voltage until a response was observed. The voltage and animal responses were recorded. In Study 2 the same seven local anaesthetic treatments (16-I 8 antlers/treatment) were evaluated using 58 of the stags from Study 1 when antlers were ready for removal, but a saw cut was used as the test stimulus. A test cut was applied to the antler I,2 and 4 minutes after application of local anaesthetic. If no response was observed, the antler was removed at that time.
In Study 1, major dose and treatment effects were significantly different (p < 0.05) with the outcome variable being whether or not the deer responded. No stags given the high dose ring block responded to electrical stimulation 1 minute after treatment, one responded at 2 minutes, and none responded at 4 or 8 minutes. At least one animal responded after all other treatments at all time intervals. More deer responded after the low regional block than the high regional block, and there was a lower response rate when the auriculopalpebral nerves were anaesthetised. In Study 2, no deer responded 2 minutes after the medium dose ring block treatment. Three of 18 stags receiving the high dose ring block still responded after 2 minutes, and one responded after 4 minutes. Responses occurred to all other treatments at each time, with some deer requiring further administration of local anaesthetic before antler removal, even with the four minute waiting period.
Ring blocks produced more consistent analgesia of the velvet antler than regional nerve blocks. The high dose ring block produced analgesia faster and more effectively than lower doses, and the regional nerve blocks were more effective when the auriculopalpebral nerve was blocked.
评估不同给药途径和剂量的局部麻醉药用于年轻雄鹿鹿茸镇痛的效果。
在研究1中，使用电刺激，将64只1岁的雄性红鹿和红鹿与马鹿杂交鹿（鹿茸长10 - 30厘米）随机分为10种处理中的一种，每种处理4只动物，每种处理23或24个鹿茸。处理包括三个对照组、通过环形阻滞给予的三种局部麻醉药（2%盐酸利多卡因）剂量（每个蒂5、10或15毫升），以及有或无耳睑神经阻滞（每个部位5毫升）的高或低区域阻滞。在局部麻醉处理前、处理后1、2、4和8分钟对对照组施加电刺激，电压逐渐增加直至观察到反应。记录电压和动物反应。在研究2中，当鹿茸准备切除时，使用研究1中的58只雄鹿评估相同的七种局部麻醉处理（每种处理16 - 18个鹿茸），但使用锯切作为测试刺激。在应用局部麻醉药后1、2和4分钟对鹿茸进行测试切割。如果未观察到反应，则此时切除鹿茸。
在研究1中，主要剂量和处理效应存在显著差异（p < 0.05），结果变量为鹿是否有反应。接受高剂量环形阻滞的雄鹿在处理后1分钟对电刺激均无反应，1只在2分钟时有反应，4或8分钟时均无反应。在所有时间间隔内，所有其他处理后至少有1只动物有反应。低区域阻滞组比高区域阻滞组有更多鹿有反应，耳睑神经麻醉时反应率较低。在研究2中，中剂量环形阻滞处理后2分钟没有鹿有反应。接受高剂量环形阻滞的18只雄鹿中有3只在2分钟后仍有反应，1只在4分钟后有反应。每次所有其他处理均有反应，即使有4分钟等待期，一些鹿在切除鹿茸前仍需要进一步给予局部麻醉药。
环形阻滞比区域神经阻滞能更持续地为鹿茸提供镇痛。高剂量环形阻滞比低剂量能更快、更有效地产生镇痛，且当耳睑神经被阻滞时区域神经阻滞更有效。
