Taylor Tracy L, Ivanoff Jason
Department of Psychology, Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Can J Exp Psychol. 2005 Jun;59(2):75-89. doi: 10.1037/h0087463.
Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to slower responding to a stimulus that is presented at the same, rather than a different location as a preceding, spatially nonpredictive, stimulus. Repetition priming refers to speeded responding to a stimulus that duplicates the visual characteristics of a stimulus that precedes it. IOR and repetition priming effects interact in nonspatial discrimination tasks but not in localization tasks; three experiments examined whether this is due to processing differences or due to response differences between tasks. Two stimuli, S1 and S2, occurred on each trial. In Experiment 1, S1 and S2 were both peripheral arrows; in Experiment 2, S1 was a central arrow and S2 was a peripheral nondirectional rectangle; in Experiment 3, S1 was a peripheral nondirectional rectangle and S2 was a peripheral arrow. S1 never required a response; S2 required a localization or a discrimination response. Despite evidence that form information was likely extracted from the arrow stimuli, the localization task revealed no repetition priming: IOR occurred regardless of shared visual identity of the S1 and S2 arrows. The discrimination task revealed IOR only when the visual identity changed from S1 to S2; otherwise, facilitation occurred. These results suggest that IOR is masked by repetition priming only when the response depends on the explicit processing of form information; repetition priming does not occur when such information is extracted automatically but is task (and response) irrelevant.
返回抑制（IOR）是指对在与先前空间上无预测性的刺激相同而非不同位置呈现的刺激做出反应的速度较慢。重复启动是指对复制其之前刺激视觉特征的刺激做出更快的反应。IOR和重复启动效应在非空间辨别任务中相互作用，但在定位任务中不相互作用；三项实验研究了这是由于加工差异还是由于任务之间的反应差异所致。每次试验中会出现两个刺激，即S1和S2。在实验1中，S1和S2均为外周箭头；在实验2中，S1为中央箭头，S2为外周无方向矩形；在实验3中，S1为外周无方向矩形，S2为外周箭头。S1从不要求做出反应；S2要求做出定位或辨别反应。尽管有证据表明可能从箭头刺激中提取了形状信息，但定位任务未显示重复启动：无论S1和S2箭头的视觉特征是否相同，都会出现IOR。辨别任务仅在视觉特征从S1变为S2时才显示IOR；否则，会出现促进作用。这些结果表明，只有当反应取决于形状信息的明确加工时，IOR才会被重复启动所掩盖；当此类信息被自动提取但与任务（及反应）无关时，不会出现重复启动。
