Mosley Angelina J, Asquith Becca, Bangham Charles R M
Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Viral Immunol. 2005;18(2):293-305. doi: 10.1089/vim.2005.18.293.
Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is a retrovirus that causes persistent infection in many populations in tropical and subtropical regions. HTLV-I chronically activates the cell-mediated arm of the host adaptive immune response. There has been much debate about the role of the immune response in determining the outcome of HTLV-I infection: most seropositive individuals remain lifelong asymptomatic carriers of the virus, whereas a small proportion-usually those with higher equilibrium proviral loads-develop an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system known as HAM/TSP. Here we discuss the cell-mediated immune response to HTLV-I infection. We summarize recent data on the HTLV-I-specific CD4(+) cell response and explore its potential role in HAM/TSP pathogenesis. We also explore the controversy surrounding the role of the CD8(+) cell response in controlling HTLV-I infection and/or contributing to HAM/TSP disease, highlighting recent studies of T cell gene expression profiles and a newly developed assay of CD8(+) cell functional efficiency. Finally, we introduce a possible role for cellular innate immune effectors in HTLV-I infection.
人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒I型（HTLV-I）是一种逆转录病毒，在热带和亚热带地区的许多人群中可引起持续性感染。HTLV-I可长期激活宿主适应性免疫反应的细胞介导分支。关于免疫反应在决定HTLV-I感染结局中的作用存在诸多争议：大多数血清阳性个体终生都是该病毒的无症状携带者，而一小部分人——通常是那些前病毒负荷平衡较高的人——会患上一种称为HAM/TSP的中枢神经系统炎症性疾病。在此，我们讨论针对HTLV-I感染的细胞介导免疫反应。我们总结了关于HTLV-I特异性CD4(+)细胞反应的最新数据，并探讨其在HAM/TSP发病机制中的潜在作用。我们还探讨了围绕CD8(+)细胞反应在控制HTLV-I感染和/或导致HAM/TSP疾病中的作用的争议，重点介绍了T细胞基因表达谱的最新研究以及一种新开发的CD8(+)细胞功能效率检测方法。最后，我们介绍了细胞固有免疫效应器在HTLV-I感染中的可能作用。
