Ishay Jacob S, Plotkin Marian, Ermakov Natalya, Jongebloed Willem L, Kalicharan Dharamdajal, Bergman David J
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978, Israel.
Microsc Res Tech. 2005 Jun 1;67(2):71-8. doi: 10.1002/jemt.20185.
In the head of the Oriental hornet, beneath the cuticle, there are plaques of hair cells. These are distributed throughout the upper front part of the head; to wit: in the region of the vertex (i.e., around and behind the ocelli), in the genae around and behind the compound eyes (the ommatidia), and in the region of the forehead or frons. These hair cells are arranged with their thin whip-like part (i.e., cilia) directed outward and morphologically fall into three distinct groups: type (a) thin elongated cilia connected to each other alongside by side-links; type (b) thin elongated cilia of which two or more interconnect at their distal ends via a delicate nerve fiber bearing a knob at its center; and type (c) shorter and thicker cilia that roughly resemble a triangular thorn and are also interconnected by a thin thread, which, however, bears a ball rather then a knob at its center. The knob in the one case and the ball in the other vary in their diameter, but in both instances the interconnecting elements, be they nerve fibers or threads, are seemingly multidirectional. Beneath the frons, in the region of the coronal suture, the hair cells (cilial plaques) are inwardly directed and bear a large trachea at their center. Presumably, the "weighted" cilial cells that are directed toward the exterior of the body aid the hornet in navigation and gravity determination whereas the inwardly directed ciliary cells may possibly serve in acoustic communication. Another element worthy of mention within the hair cells are yellow granules (yg). These yg's originate from the whip-like portion of the ciliary cells that are distributed beneath the frons plate, and also in the yellow stripes of the gastral cuticle. Conceivably, these yellow granules, in both cases, may play a role in the absorption and storage of solar energy. In summary, ciliary structures are involved in the hornet in gravity sensing, in acoustical communication and in light sensing, i.e., with some similarity with what happens in vertebrates in the inner ear and in the photoreceptor.
在东方胡蜂头部的角质层下方，有毛细胞斑。这些毛细胞分布在头部的整个上前部，即：在头顶区域（即单眼周围及后方）、复眼（小眼）周围及后方的颊部以及额部区域。这些毛细胞的细鞭状部分（即纤毛）向外排列，在形态上可分为三个不同的组：（a）型为细长的纤毛，通过侧链并排相互连接；（b）型为细长的纤毛，其中两根或更多在其远端通过一根在中心带有瘤的细神经纤维相互连接；（c）型为较短且较粗的纤毛，大致类似三角形刺，也通过一根细线相互连接，不过该细线在中心带有一个球而非瘤。一种情况下的瘤和另一种情况下的球直径不同，但在这两种情况下，连接元件，无论是神经纤维还是线，似乎都是多方向的。在额部下方，冠状缝区域的毛细胞（纤毛斑）向内指向，且在其中心有一根大气管。据推测，朝向身体外部的“加重”纤毛细胞有助于胡蜂导航和确定重力，而向内指向的纤毛细胞可能用于声学通讯。毛细胞内另一个值得提及的成分是黄色颗粒（yg）。这些yg源自分布在额板下方以及胃角质层黄色条纹中的纤毛细胞的鞭状部分。可以想象，在这两种情况下，这些黄色颗粒可能在太阳能的吸收和储存中起作用。总之，纤毛结构在胡蜂的重力感知、声学通讯和光感知中起作用，即与脊椎动物内耳和光感受器中的情况有一些相似之处。
