Turatto Massimo, Bridgeman Bruce
Department of Cognitive Science and Education, University of Trento, Via Matteo del Ben, 5, 38068, Rovereto, Italy.
Exp Brain Res. 2005 Dec;167(4):595-608. doi: 10.1007/s00221-005-0056-4. Epub 2005 Jul 26.
In three experiments we studied change detection and identification when no extraneous transients were present in the image at the time of change. Each image consisted of 12 different objects, sorted by color into three different levels of probability of change. In Experiment 1, change of one object was detected and identified frequently in objects having the highest probability of change (central interest), which we hypothesize were mainly visited by attention. Changes in other objects with a lower probability of change (marginal interest), however, although detected efficiently were unlikely to be identified. Identification improved for less attended objects if the changed stimulus simply disappeared, allowing visual persistence to hold information about the object until attention could be shifted to it (Experiment 2). Contrary to previous findings showing that response times (RTs) for luminance change detection in a multi-element display are not altered by attention, we found changes in objects of central interest to be detected faster than in objects of marginal interest when objects' identity was to be held in working memory. However, no differences in RTs emerged in the same change detection task when objects' identity was not stored in working memory (Experiment 3).
在三个实验中，我们研究了在变化发生时图像中不存在外部瞬变的情况下的变化检测和识别。每个图像由12个不同的物体组成，按颜色分为三种不同的变化概率水平。在实验1中，在具有最高变化概率的物体（核心关注点）中，一个物体的变化经常被检测到并识别出来，我们假设这些物体主要受到注意力的关注。然而，其他变化概率较低的物体（边缘关注点）的变化，虽然能被有效地检测到，但不太可能被识别出来。如果变化的刺激简单消失，使得视觉暂留能够保留关于该物体的信息直到注意力转移到它上面，那么对较少受到关注的物体的识别会得到改善（实验2）。与之前的研究结果相反，之前的研究表明在多元素显示中亮度变化检测的反应时间（RTs）不会因注意力而改变，我们发现当物体的身份要保留在工作记忆中时，核心关注点的物体变化比边缘关注点的物体变化被检测得更快。然而，当物体的身份不存储在工作记忆中时，在相同的变化检测任务中RTs没有出现差异（实验3）。
