Stolerman I
Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1992 May;13(5):170-6. doi: 10.1016/0165-6147(92)90059-f.
Current understanding of drug abuse has been greatly influenced by the emphasis on drug-seeking behaviour as the common element. The three main attributes of drugs that maintain, direct and regulate drug-seeking behaviour are their positively reinforcing and discriminative and aversive stimulus properties. Each process may be analysed in terms of underlying behavioural and neural mechanisms that are mutually complementary and interactive. Environmental stimuli conditioned to the effects of the drugs also play a key role in eliciting and maintaining drug-seeking behaviour. Both the behavioural and the neural mechanisms are subject to modulating variables such as social, environmental and genetic factors, including the previous behavioural and pharmacological history of the individual. Thus, the behavioural approach to addiction does not preclude important roles for other factors, but rather seeks to integrate them into a comprehensive theoretical framework strongly linked to empirical data.
目前对药物滥用的理解在很大程度上受到了对觅药行为这一共同要素的强调的影响。维持、引导和调节觅药行为的药物的三个主要特性是其正性强化、辨别和厌恶刺激特性。每个过程都可以根据相互补充和相互作用的潜在行为和神经机制进行分析。与药物作用相关的环境刺激在引发和维持觅药行为方面也起着关键作用。行为和神经机制都受到诸如社会、环境和遗传因素等调节变量的影响，包括个体先前的行为和药理史。因此，成瘾的行为学方法并不排除其他因素的重要作用，而是试图将它们整合到一个与实证数据紧密相连的综合理论框架中。
