Du Mont Janice, Forte Tonia, Cohen Marsha M, Hyman Ilene, Romans Sarah
Centre for Research in Women's Health, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada.
Women Health. 2005;41(1):1-19. doi: 10.1300/J013v41n01_01.
The adverse physical and psychological sequelae of intimate partner violence (IPV) are well documented, as are government initiatives in Canada since the early 1990s to address the problem through public awareness campaigns and service enhancement programs. While these initiatives have been designed to encourage abused women to come forward, there has been little research examining changes over time in help-seeking rates among this group. To fill this void, we compared data from two large Canadian population-based, cross-sectional telephone surveys: the 1993 Violence Against Women Survey (1993-VAWS) and the 1999 General Social Survey (1999-GSS). Among women who reported physical and/or sexual violence by a current or previous partner, we examined differences in rates of disclosure of abuse, help-seeking by type of service, and barriers to service use. Abused women in the 1999-GSS were significantly more likely than those in the 1993-VAWS to have reported disclosing a violent incident(s) to a family member (66.4% v. 43.9%), friend or neighbor (67.4% v. 45.4%), doctor or nurse (31.9% v. 23.0%), and/or minister, priest, or cleric (11.5% v. 7.3%). The 1999-GSS cohort was also more likely to have presented to a shelter or transition house (11.0% v. 7.8%), a crisis center (17.3% v. 4.2%), a counselor or psychologist (39.1% v. 14.7%), a women's center (11.2% v. 3.4%), and/or a community or family center (15.4% v. 4.7%). Among those women who did not seek help, fewer in the 1999-GSS reported that they did not know of any services (6.4% v. 17.0%), or that services were not available (0.8% v. 14.5%). Although we found a demonstrable increase in the numbers of abused women seeking help, overall, rates of service utilization were still low as late as 1999, highlighting the importance of continued government commitment to funding IPV initiatives.
亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）对身体和心理造成的不良后果已有详尽记录，加拿大政府自20世纪90年代初以来通过公众宣传活动和服务强化项目来解决这一问题的举措也是如此。虽然这些举措旨在鼓励受虐妇女站出来，但很少有研究考察这一群体寻求帮助的比例随时间的变化情况。为填补这一空白，我们比较了加拿大两项基于人口的大型横断面电话调查的数据：1993年妇女遭受暴力调查（1993-VAWS）和1999年综合社会调查（1999-GSS）。在报告遭受现任或前任伴侣身体暴力和/或性暴力的妇女中，我们考察了虐待披露率、按服务类型划分的寻求帮助情况以及使用服务的障碍方面的差异。1999年综合社会调查中的受虐妇女比1993年妇女遭受暴力调查中的受虐妇女更有可能向家庭成员（66.4%对43.9%）、朋友或邻居（67.4%对45.4%）、医生或护士（31.9%对23.0%）以及/或者部长、牧师或神职人员（11.5%对7.3%）报告披露暴力事件。1999年综合社会调查中的队列也更有可能去过庇护所或过渡之家（11.0%对7.8%）、危机中心（17.3%对4.2%）、咨询顾问或心理学家处（39.1%对14.7%）、妇女中心（11.2%对3.4%）以及/或者社区或家庭中心（15.4%对4.7%）。在那些没有寻求帮助的妇女中，1999年综合社会调查中的报告不知道任何服务的妇女较少（6.4%对17.0%），或者报告没有服务可用的妇女也较少（0.8%对14.5%）。尽管我们发现寻求帮助的受虐妇女数量有明显增加，但总体而言，直到1999年服务利用率仍然很低，这凸显了政府持续致力于为亲密伴侣暴力举措提供资金的重要性。
