Fick L G, Fuller A, Mitchell D
Brain Function Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, Parktown, South Africa.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Jun;83(6):517-27. doi: 10.1139/y05-037.
We investigated physiological effects of intramuscular injections of the following 3 long-acting neuroleptics commonly used in wildlife management: haloperidol (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg body mass), zuclopenthixol acetate (0.5, 1, and 5 mg/kg), and perphenazine enanthate (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg), in a rat model. Body temperature and cage activity were measured by intra-abdominal telemeters. Nociceptive responses were assessed by challenges to noxious heat and pressure. Haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) produced a significant nocturnal hypothermia (p < 0.05) and decreased nighttime cage activity and food intake. Zuclopenthixol (5 mg/kg) significantly decreased nighttime body temperature and cage activity and, at 1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg, significantly decreased food intake 5-17 h after injection (p < 0.05). Perphenazine (10 mg/kg) significantly decreased nighttime body temperature and cage activity and, at all doses, significantly decreased food intake 5-17 h after injection (p < 0.05). Significant analgesic activity was evident in rats given 5 mg/kg zuclopenthixol up to 40 h after injection, and 10 mg/kg perphenazine from 48 to 96 h after injection (p < 0.0001). Zuclopenthixol (5 mg/kg) and perphenazine (10 mg/kg) had significant antihyperalgesic activities at 16 h postinjection and 24-48 h postinjection, respectively (p < 0.0001). Haloperidol had no significant antinociceptive activity at doses tested. Motor function was impaired in rats given 0.5 mg/kg haloperidol, 5 mg/kg zuclopenthixol and 10 mg/kg perphenazine. Effects of long-acting neuroleptics on body temperature, feeding, and activity were short-lasted and should not preclude their use in wildlife. Antinociceptive actions were longer-lasting, but were nonspecific, and we recommend additional analgesics for painful procedures during wildlife management.
我们在大鼠模型中研究了肌肉注射以下3种野生动物管理中常用的长效抗精神病药物的生理效应：氟哌啶醇（0.05、0.1和0.5毫克/千克体重）、醋酸珠氯噻醇（0.5、1和5毫克/千克）和奋乃静庚酸酯（1、3和10毫克/千克）。通过腹腔内遥测仪测量体温和笼内活动。通过对有害热和压力的刺激来评估伤害性反应。氟哌啶醇（0.5毫克/千克）导致显著的夜间体温过低（p < 0.05），并降低夜间笼内活动和食物摄入量。醋酸珠氯噻醇（5毫克/千克）显著降低夜间体温和笼内活动，并且在1毫克/千克和5毫克/千克剂量下，注射后5 - 17小时显著降低食物摄入量（p < 0.05）。奋乃静（10毫克/千克）显著降低夜间体温和笼内活动，并且在所有剂量下，注射后5 - 17小时显著降低食物摄入量（p < 0.05）。给予5毫克/千克醋酸珠氯噻醇的大鼠在注射后长达40小时以及给予10毫克/千克奋乃静的大鼠在注射后48至96小时表现出明显的镇痛活性（p < 0.0001）。醋酸珠氯噻醇（5毫克/千克）和奋乃静（10毫克/千克）分别在注射后16小时和24 - 48小时具有显著的抗痛觉过敏活性（p < 0.0001）。在所测试的剂量下，氟哌啶醇没有显著的抗伤害感受活性。给予0.5毫克/千克氟哌啶醇、5毫克/千克醋酸珠氯噻醇和10毫克/千克奋乃静的大鼠运动功能受损。长效抗精神病药物对体温、进食和活动的影响持续时间较短，不应妨碍它们在野生动物中的使用。抗伤害感受作用持续时间较长，但不具有特异性，我们建议在野生动物管理过程中对疼痛操作使用额外的镇痛药。
