[匈牙利医生的健康状况：一项代表性研究]

Gyorffy Zsuzsa, Adám Szilvia, Kopp Mária

Semmelweis Egyetem, Altalános Orvostudományi Kar, Magatartástudományi Intézet, Budapest.

Orv Hetil. 2005 Jun 26;146(26):1383-91.

BACKGROUND

A growing body of evidence in the international literature suggests that the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity including suicide is high among physicians. In addition, data published by Hungarian researchers in the early 1990-ies showed high prevalence of somatic morbidity in this population. Based on these data, it is hypothesised that the prevalence of psychiatric and somatic morbidity is higher among physicians in Hungary compared to the white collar population.

AIMS

To assess the psychiatric and somatic health status of physicians as well as the prevalence of role conflict among female physicians in Hungary using a representative sample.

METHODS

Data for this epidemiological study were collected from 407 physicians using questionnaires. 1752 white collar female and male workers from a representative survey (Hungarostudy 2002) served as controls.

RESULTS

It is found that the prevalence of chronic somatic morbidity among both female and male physicians was significantly higher than that in the respective control groups. The prevalence of malignancies, diabetes, renal impairment, hypertension, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular diseases, and gastrointestinal ulcers was higher among male physicians compared to control. Female physicians exhibited higher prevalence of malignant diseases, hypertension, myocardial infarction, bronchial asthma, other pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, allergies, gastrointestinal diseases including ulcer, ophthalmologic and gynaecological disorders compared with the normative population. This study is the first in Hungary to report a significantly higher prevalence of maternal reproductive morbidity including miscarriage, therapeutic termination of pregnancy, high-risk pregnancy among female physicians compared to women in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

Correlation analyses confirmed a significant relationship between high prevalence of morbidity and long working hours (> 8 hours), severe anxiety and stress, and role conflict.

背景

国际文献中越来越多的证据表明，包括自杀在内的精神疾病在医生中患病率很高。此外，匈牙利研究人员在20世纪90年代初发表的数据显示，这一人群中躯体疾病的患病率也很高。基于这些数据，推测匈牙利医生中精神疾病和躯体疾病的患病率高于白领人群。

目的

使用代表性样本评估匈牙利医生的精神和躯体健康状况以及女医生中角色冲突的患病率。

方法

本流行病学研究的数据通过问卷收集了407名医生的信息。来自一项代表性调查（2002年匈牙利研究）的1752名白领女性和男性员工作为对照。

结果

发现男女医生中慢性躯体疾病的患病率均显著高于各自的对照组。与对照组相比，男性医生中恶性肿瘤、糖尿病、肾功能损害、高血压、心肌梗死和心血管疾病以及胃溃疡的患病率更高。与正常人群相比，女医生中恶性疾病、高血压、心肌梗死、支气管哮喘、其他肺部和心血管疾病、过敏、包括溃疡在内的胃肠道疾病、眼科和妇科疾病的患病率更高。本研究是匈牙利首次报告女医生中包括流产、治疗性终止妊娠、高危妊娠在内的孕产妇生殖疾病患病率显著高于对照组女性。