Capek Ignác
Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 842 36 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2005 Dec 30;118(1-3):73-112. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2005.06.005. Epub 2005 Aug 1.
The principle subject in the current paper is to summarize and characterize the ionomers based on polymers and copolymers such as polystyrene (PSt), polyisoprene (PIP), polybutadiene (PB), poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene) (PSt-PIB-PSt), poly(butadiene-styrene) (PB-PSt), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(butylene adipate) (PBA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBSi), poly(dimethylcarbosiloxanes), polyurethane, etc. The self-assembly of ionomers, models concerning ionomer morphologies, physical and rheological properties of ionomer phase and percolation behavior of ionomers were discussed. The ionomer phase materials and dispersions have been characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small-angle X-ray catering (SAXS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), etc. The wide range of compositions, molecular architectures, and morphologies present in ionomeric disperse systems are of great interest. The research is particularly devoted to the potential application of these materials and an understanding of the fundamental principles of the ionomers. They are extremely complex systems, sensitive to changes in structure and composition, and therefore not easily amenable to modeling and to the derivation of general patterns of behavior. The reviewed data indicate that a large number of parameters are important in influencing multiplet formation and clustering in random ionomers. Among these are the ion content, size of the polyion and counterion, dielectric constant of the host, T(g) of the polymer, rigidity or persistence length of the backbone, position of the ion pair relative to the backbone, steric constraints, amount and nature of added additive (plasticizer), thermal history, etc.
本文的主要主题是总结和表征基于聚合物和共聚物的离聚物，如聚苯乙烯（PSt）、聚异戊二烯（PIP）、聚丁二烯（PB）、聚（苯乙烯 - b - 异丁烯 - b - 苯乙烯）（PSt - PIB - PSt）、聚（丁二烯 - 苯乙烯）（PB - PSt）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）、聚己二酸丁二酯（PBA）、聚丁二酸丁二酯（PBSi）、聚二甲基碳硅氧烷、聚氨酯等。讨论了离聚物的自组装、离聚物形态的模型、离聚物相的物理和流变性质以及离聚物的渗流行为。离聚物相材料和分散体已通过差示扫描量热法（DSC）、小角X射线散射（SAXS）、小角中子散射（SANS）、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等进行了表征。离聚物分散体系中存在的广泛组成、分子结构和形态非常令人感兴趣。该研究特别致力于这些材料的潜在应用以及对离聚物基本原理的理解。它们是极其复杂的体系，对结构和组成的变化敏感，因此不容易进行建模和推导一般行为模式。综述数据表明，大量参数对影响无规离聚物中的多重态形成和聚集很重要。其中包括离子含量、聚离子和抗衡离子的大小、主体的介电常数、聚合物的T(g)、主链的刚性或持久长度、离子对相对于主链的位置、空间位阻、添加添加剂（增塑剂）的量和性质、热历史等。
