The treatment of cholera: clinical science at the bedside.

In 1959-1961, two major international centers for the study of cholera were established in Calcutta and in Dacca, Bangladesh. As the result of collaborative work in these centers, a simple effective oral therapy for cholera, using ingredients available in virtually every part of the world, was defined. Through the well-coordinated efforts of the World Health Organization (WHO), knowledge of how to prepare and administer oral rehydration therapy has now been disseminated throughout most of the world. With this background, when Peru was attacked in 1991 by a massive and totally unanticipated outbreak of cholera, a remarkably well-organized national response to the epidemic achieved a survival rate greater than 99% in greater than 300,000 cholera patients during the first year of the epidemic. Thus the results of clinical research on the Indian subcontinent, widely disseminated through educational programs by the WHO, have resulted in unparalleled success in the treatment of the largest epidemic outbreak of cholera in the 20th century.