Swan Lauren K, Stephan Carl N
Department of Anatomical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia.
J Forensic Sci. 2005 Jul;50(4):774-6.
Eyeball protrusion is one characteristic that must be assessed/predicted in craniofacial identification methods of skull-face superimposition and facial approximation. Previously it has been suggested that average exophthalmometry values, as measured on living individuals, should be used. However, it is unknown if proptosis prediction can be improved beyond the accuracy obtained when using mean values. Some authors have suggested that relationships between exophthalmos, height, interpupillary distance, and interorbital distance exist and it has been reported that these latter variables can be used to estimate eyeball projection. However, crucial tests are yet to be conducted. This study measures these variables and tests the accuracy of exophthalmometry means, a previously proposed prediction equation, and newly derived regression equations to determine which methods provide the best results. Data indicate that variation in exophthalmos is fairly small and as such prediction from other variables, like body height, are weak; thus, exophthalmometry means currently offer the best practical method of prediction. It should be noted that up to 2 mm error from either side of the mean is expected for 68% of cases.
眼球突出度是颅骨-面部叠加和面部复原等颅面识别方法中必须评估/预测的一个特征。此前有人建议，应使用在活体上测量得到的平均眼球突出度值。然而，目前尚不清楚眼球突出度预测是否能比使用平均值时所获得的准确性有进一步提高。一些作者认为眼球突出度与身高、瞳孔间距和眶间距之间存在关联，并且有报道称这些变量可用于估计眼球突出度。然而，关键测试尚未进行。本研究测量了这些变量，并测试了眼球突出度平均值、先前提出的预测方程以及新推导的回归方程的准确性，以确定哪种方法能提供最佳结果。数据表明，眼球突出度的变化相当小，因此从身高之类的其他变量进行预测的能力较弱；因此，目前眼球突出度平均值是最佳的实际预测方法。应当指出的是，对于68%的案例，预计平均值两侧会出现高达2毫米的误差。
