Marques Alexandra P, Reis Rui L, Hunt John A
Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4810-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
Macromol Biosci. 2005 Aug 12;5(8):775-85. doi: 10.1002/mabi.200500010.
Implant failure is one of the major concerns in the biomaterials field. Several factors have been related to the fail but in general these biomaterials do not exhibit comparable physical, chemical or biological properties to natural tissues and ultimately, these devices can lead to chronic inflammation and foreign-body reactions. Starch-based biodegradable materials and composites have shown promising properties for a wide range of biomedical applications as well as a reduced capacity to elicit a strong reaction from immune system cells in vitro. In this work, blends of corn starch with ethylene vinyl alcohol (SEVA-C), cellulose acetate (SCA) and polycaprolactone (SPCL), as well as hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced starch-based composites, were investigated in vivo. The aim of the work was to assess the host response evoked for starch-based biomaterials, identifying the presence of key cell types. The tissues surrounding the implant were harvested together with the material and processed histologically for evaluation using immunohistochemistry. At implant retrieval there was no cellular exudate around the implants and no macroscopic signs of an inflammatory reaction in any of the animals. The histological analysis of the sectioned interface tissue after immunohistochemical staining using ED1, ED2, CD54, MHC class II and alpha/beta antibodies showed positively stained cells for all antibodies, except for alpha/beta for all the implantation periods, where it was different for the various polymers and for the period of implantation. SPCL and SCA composites were the materials that stimulated the greatest cellular tissue responses, but generally biodegradable starch-based materials did not induce a severe reaction for the studied implantation times, which contrasts with other types of degradable polymeric biomaterials.
植入物失败是生物材料领域的主要关注点之一。有几个因素与失败有关，但总体而言，这些生物材料在物理、化学或生物学特性方面无法与天然组织相媲美，最终，这些装置可能导致慢性炎症和异物反应。基于淀粉的可生物降解材料和复合材料在广泛的生物医学应用中显示出良好的性能，并且在体外引发免疫系统细胞强烈反应的能力也有所降低。在这项工作中，对玉米淀粉与乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物（SEVA-C）、醋酸纤维素（SCA）和聚己内酯（SPCL）的共混物，以及羟基磷灰石（HA）增强的淀粉基复合材料进行了体内研究。这项工作的目的是评估基于淀粉的生物材料引起的宿主反应，确定关键细胞类型的存在。将植入物周围的组织与材料一起取出，并进行组织学处理，以便使用免疫组织化学进行评估。在取出植入物时，植入物周围没有细胞渗出物，并且在任何动物中都没有炎症反应的宏观迹象。使用ED1、ED2、CD54、MHC II类和α/β抗体进行免疫组织化学染色后，对切片界面组织进行的组织学分析显示，除了在所有植入期的α/β抗体外，所有抗体均有阳性染色细胞，不同聚合物和植入期的情况有所不同。SPCL和SCA复合材料是刺激细胞组织反应最大的材料，但一般来说，基于淀粉的可生物降解材料在研究的植入时间内不会引发严重反应，这与其他类型的可降解聚合物生物材料形成对比。
