Butorina A K, Cherkashina O N, Chernodubov A I, Avdeeva I A
Genetika. 2005 Jun;41(6):778-83.
Hrenovskoy pine forest is a unique island stand at the boundary of the species range of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. This object is of exceptional economic value, because it serves as a forest-seed base for the Voronezh oblast and some other regions of Russia; therefore, the stand and seed qualities have to be monitored constantly. The results of the first cytogenetic study of the seed progeny of P. sylvestris from the Morozov Grove, a high-quality stand in a reserved site within the Hrenovskoy pine forest, are reported. The studies have been performed in order to obtain a more correct assessment of seed quality based not only on their germination and energy of germination (traditionally used by forest breeders), but also on their genomic stability. The latter may be estimated by the stability of chromosome number in the somatic cells of seedlings and the regularity of mitotic divisions, because they also characterize the state of the generative system of parental forms and may serve as an integrated estimate of the stand development homeostasis. Therefore, the chromosome number, mitotic and nucleolar activities, and the number and spectrum of pathological mitoses (PMs) have been determined. Seedlings have been obtained from 240 seeds (collected from 12 trees) that resulted from free pollination. The cytological analysis of the rootlets of these seedlings has not detected any deviations from the chromosome number typical of the species P. sylvestris L. (2n = 24). However, considerable variation has been found in each family with respect to the mitotic index (MI) (from 4.2 +/- 0.36 to 8.1 +/- 0.39%) and the number of PMs (from 0.5 to 2.1%); micronuclei have also been found in each family (from 0.01 to 0.05%). In general, the phenotypic characteristics and the variation pattern of cytological parameters of the progeny of the trees studied in the Hrenovskoy pine forest, together with the high germination rate of seeds (90-98%), indicate that the current state of pines in the Hrenovskoy pine forest can be considered to be satisfactory. However, the presence of micronuclei in all variants and the decrease in MI in some individual plants (which was, on average, 6.1 +/- 0.03% in the sample studied, i.e., significantly lower than that of P. sylvestris from the Usmanskii pine forest (7.3 +/- 1.2%), where the conditions are optimal for this species) may serve as the bioindicators of the deterioration of both the state of trees themselves and the ecological conditions in the Hrenovskoy pine forest. Therefore, the population structure of this valuable autochtonic stand should be reproduced urgently.
赫雷诺夫斯科伊松树林是苏格兰松（Pinus sylvestris L.）物种分布范围边界上的一片独特的岛屿林分。该区域具有极高的经济价值，因为它是沃罗涅日州及俄罗斯其他一些地区的林木种子基地；因此，必须持续监测林分和种子质量。本文报道了对赫雷诺夫斯科伊松树林保护区内一片优质林分——莫罗佐夫树林中苏格兰松种子后代的首次细胞遗传学研究结果。开展这些研究是为了不仅基于种子的发芽率和发芽势（这是林木育种者传统上使用的指标），还基于其基因组稳定性，对种子质量进行更准确的评估。后者可以通过幼苗体细胞染色体数目的稳定性和有丝分裂的规律性来估计，因为它们也表征了亲本形式生殖系统的状态，并且可以作为林分发育稳态的综合评估指标。因此，已确定了染色体数目、有丝分裂和核仁活性以及病理性有丝分裂（PMs）的数量和谱。从自由授粉产生的240粒种子（从12棵树上采集）中培育出了幼苗。对这些幼苗根的细胞学分析未发现与苏格兰松（2n = 24）物种典型染色体数目有任何偏差。然而，在每个家系中，有丝分裂指数（MI）（从4.2±0.36%到8.1±0.39%）和PMs数量（从0.5%到2.1%）存在相当大的差异；在每个家系中还发现了微核（从0.01%到0.05%）。总体而言，赫雷诺夫斯科伊松树林中所研究树木后代的表型特征和细胞学参数的变异模式，以及种子的高发芽率（90 - 98%）表明，赫雷诺夫斯科伊松树林中松树的当前状态可以认为是令人满意的。然而，所有变体中都存在微核，并且一些个体植株的MI降低（在所研究的样本中平均为6.1±0.03%，即明显低于乌斯马恩斯基松树林中苏格兰松的MI（7.3±1.2%），那里的条件对该物种来说是最佳的），这可能是树木自身状态和赫雷诺夫斯科伊松树林生态条件恶化的生物指标。因此，迫切需要恢复这片珍贵的本地林分的种群结构。
