Marshall Shawn, Man-Son-Hing Malcolm, Molnar Frank, Hunt Lynn, Finestone Hillel
CanDRIVE, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2005 Sep;6(3):235-9. doi: 10.1080/15389580590969184.
Driving evaluations are performed by Occupational Therapists to evaluate drivers with disability. They include both off-road and on-road assessments. Many aspects of driving are examined during the on-road assessment. The main objective of this study is to identify the elements of the Occupational Therapy on-road driving assessment that are most predictive of the overall driving evaluation.
This retrospective cohort study took place at a provincially approved Driving Assessment Program. Records of 700 participants with various disabilities who completed a driving assessment between 1995 and 2003 were reviewed. Only clients who completed the on-road assessment were included in the study. At our center, 11 driving elements comprised of 34 items were used as independent variables and rated as pass (acceptable or good) or fail (borderline or poor). Analysis was completed with descriptive statistics and use of logistic regression to identify elements that contributed most significantly to the overall driving evaluation.
A total of 628 clients completed the on-road assessment with an overall pass rate of 50%. Logistic regression modeling identified poor anticipation of road hazards, observation of environment, improper stopping position, poor visual scanning, poor knowledge of the rules of the road, and increasing age as predictive of failure for all participants. Further analysis grouped subjects according to disability to identify similarities and differences between pass/fail predictors. Both similarities and differences in predictive elements were found between cognitive and physical diagnostic groupings. Most notably, the physical diagnostic grouping showed that cognitive, not physical elements of the on-road test, predicted failure of the overall driving evaluation.
Of the 11 elements considered in the on-road evaluation, specific cognitive ones such as anticipates potential hazards, scanning, observes for pedestrians, and proper stopping position tend to contribute more to the prediction of pass or fail than others. These elements should be considered as components of on-road assessments by other Driving Assessment Programs.
职业治疗师进行驾驶评估以评估残疾驾驶员。评估包括越野和道路评估。道路评估期间会检查驾驶的许多方面。本研究的主要目的是确定职业治疗道路驾驶评估中最能预测总体驾驶评估结果的要素。
这项回顾性队列研究在一个省级批准的驾驶评估项目中进行。回顾了1995年至2003年间完成驾驶评估的700名患有各种残疾的参与者的记录。只有完成道路评估的客户才被纳入研究。在我们中心，由34项组成的11个驾驶要素被用作自变量，并被评定为通过（可接受或良好）或未通过（临界或差）。通过描述性统计和使用逻辑回归进行分析，以确定对总体驾驶评估贡献最大的要素。
共有628名客户完成了道路评估，总体通过率为50%。逻辑回归模型确定，对道路危险的预判能力差、对环境的观察能力差、停车位置不当、视觉扫描能力差、对道路规则的了解不足以及年龄增长是所有参与者评估未通过的预测因素。进一步分析根据残疾情况对受试者进行分组，以确定通过/未通过预测因素之间的异同。在认知和身体诊断分组之间发现了预测要素的异同。最值得注意的是，身体诊断分组显示，道路测试的认知要素而非身体要素预测了总体驾驶评估的未通过。
在道路评估中考虑的11个要素中，特定的认知要素，如预判潜在危险、扫描、观察行人以及正确的停车位置，往往比其他要素对通过或未通过的预测贡献更大。其他驾驶评估项目应将这些要素视为道路评估的组成部分。
