Tieke Bernd, Toutianoush Ali, Jin Wanqin
Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität zu Köln, Luxemburger Str. 116, D-50939 Köln, Germany.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2005 Nov 30;116(1-3):121-31. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2005.05.003. Epub 2005 Aug 8.
Our recent studies in the field of ultrathin membranes prepared upon layer-by-layer assembly of various polyionic compounds such as polyelectrolytes, calixarenes and polyelectrolytes, and metal hexacyanoferrate salts such as Prussian Blue are reviewed. It is demonstrated that polyelectrolyte multilayers can be used (a) as nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes suitable for water softening and seawater desalination and (b) as molecular sieves and ion sieves for size-selective separation of neutral and charged aromatic compounds. Furthermore, hybrid membranes of p-sulfonato-calixarenes and cationic polyelectrolytes showing specific host-guest interactions with permeating ions are described. The membranes exhibit high selectivities for distinct metal ions. Finally, it is demonstrated that purely inorganic membranes of Prussian Blue (PB) and analogues can be prepared upon multiple sequential adsorption of transition metal cations and hexacyanoferrate anions. Due to the porous lattice of PB, the membranes are useful as ion filters able to separate cesium from sodium ions, for example.
我们综述了近期在通过各种聚离子化合物（如聚电解质、杯芳烃和聚电解质）以及金属六氰合铁酸盐（如普鲁士蓝）的逐层组装制备超薄膜领域的研究。结果表明，聚电解质多层膜可用于：（a）作为适用于水软化和海水淡化的纳滤和反渗透膜；（b）作为用于中性和带电芳香族化合物尺寸选择性分离的分子筛和离子筛。此外，还描述了对渗透离子表现出特定主客体相互作用的对磺基杯芳烃和阳离子聚电解质的混合膜。这些膜对不同金属离子具有高选择性。最后，结果表明，通过过渡金属阳离子和六氰合铁酸根阴离子的多次连续吸附，可以制备纯无机的普鲁士蓝（PB）及其类似物膜。由于PB的多孔晶格，例如，这些膜可用作能够将铯与钠离子分离的离子过滤器。
