HeT-A和TART是两种果蝇反转录转座子，在染色体结构中发挥真正作用超过6000万年。
HeT-A and TART, two Drosophila retrotransposons with a bona fide role in chromosome structure for more than 60 million years.
作者信息
Casacuberta E, Pardue M-L
机构信息
Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
出版信息
Cytogenet Genome Res. 2005;110(1-4):152-9. doi: 10.1159/000084947.
Abstract
Drosophila telomeres have been maintained by retrotransposition for at least 60 MY, which predates the separation of extant species of this genus. Studies of D. melanogaster, D. yakuba, and D. virilis show that, in Drosophila, telomeres are composed of two non-LTR retrotransposons, HeT-A and TART. Far from being static, HeT-A and TART evolve faster than Drosophila euchromatic genes. In spite of their high rate of sequence change, HeT-A and TART maintain their basic structures and unusual individual features. The maintenance of their separate identities suggests that HeT-A and TART cooperate either in the process of retrotransposition onto the chromosome end, or in the formation of telomere chromatin by transposed DNA copies. The telomeric retrotransposons and the Drosophila genome constitute an example of a robust symbiotic relationship between mobile elements and the genome.
摘要
果蝇的端粒通过逆转座作用维持至少6000万年，这早于该属现存物种的分化。对黑腹果蝇、雅库布果蝇和粗壮果蝇的研究表明，在果蝇中，端粒由两个非长末端重复逆转座子HeT-A和TART组成。HeT-A和TART远非静止不变，它们的进化速度比果蝇常染色质基因更快。尽管它们的序列变化率很高，但HeT-A和TART仍保持其基本结构和独特的个体特征。它们各自特性的维持表明，HeT-A和TART要么在逆转座到染色体末端的过程中相互协作，要么在通过转座的DNA拷贝形成端粒染色质的过程中相互协作。端粒逆转座子与果蝇基因组构成了移动元件与基因组之间强大共生关系的一个例子。
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