Aikawa Masahide, Hiraki Takatoshi, Tamaki Motonori
Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, 3-1-27 Yukihira-cho, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037, Japan.
Sci Total Environ. 2006 Jul 31;366(1):275-85. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.06.027. Epub 2005 Aug 10.
Precipitation collected by a wet-only sampler (WP), precipitation collected by a filtering-type bulk sampler (BP), throughfall (TF), stemflow (SF), fog water (FW), and atmospheric aerosol and gases were collected at two sites with different site classifications: an urban site (Mt. Rokko) and a rural site (Mt. Awaga) to investigate canopy-atmosphere interactions and to study the chemistry of precipitation in forested areas located in different atmospheric conditions. Compared to those at the rural site, the monthly volume-weighted pH values at the urban site were not significantly (p>0.05) different for WP, higher (p<0.05) for BP, not significantly (p> 0.05) different for TF, lower (p<0.01) for SF, and lower (p<0.01) for FW. The order of mean pH values at the urban site was FW<SF<WP<TF<BP. In contrast, the order at the rural site was FW<SF<BP<WP<TF. Concentrations of chemical species at the urban site were higher than those at the rural site in all samples and all chemical species. In particular, higher NO(3)(-) concentrations at the urban site were observed in all samples. The amount of dry deposition on leaves at the urban site was approximately 1.17 times larger than that at the rural site. The monthly net TF (=TF-BP) in autumn seemed to be larger than that in summer; this trend was remarkable in K(+). The monthly NO(3)(-) deposition in the net TF was larger at the urban site than at other parameters and at the rural site. The concentrations of chemical species in aerosol and gases that were measured near the central part of Kobe City were ca. 3.4 times higher than those in the rural area. Mt. Rokko borders the central part of the city, which caused the concentrations at Mt. Rokko to be higher than those at Mt. Awaga. The deposition amounts at Mt. Rokko were larger than those at Mt. Awaga, which probably can be attributed to the higher concentrations of chemical species in atmospheric aerosol and gases.
在两个具有不同场地分类的地点（一个城市站点（六甲山）和一个农村站点（粟生山））收集了仅湿式采样器（WP）收集的降水、过滤式总体采样器（BP）收集的降水、穿透雨（TF）、树干流（SF）、雾水（FW）以及大气气溶胶和气体，以研究冠层 - 大气相互作用，并研究不同大气条件下森林地区降水的化学性质。与农村站点相比，城市站点WP的月体积加权pH值无显著差异（p>0.05），BP的更高（p<0.05），TF的无显著差异（p>0.05），SF的更低（p<0.01），FW的更低（p<0.01）。城市站点平均pH值的顺序为FW<SF<WP<TF<BP。相比之下，农村站点的顺序为FW<SF<BP<WP<TF。所有样本和所有化学物种中，城市站点的化学物种浓度均高于农村站点。特别是，在所有样本中都观察到城市站点的NO(3)(-)浓度更高。城市站点叶片上的干沉降量约为农村站点的1.17倍。秋季的月净穿透雨（=TF - BP）似乎比夏季大；这种趋势在K(+)中尤为明显。城市站点净穿透雨中的月NO(3)(-)沉积量高于其他参数以及农村站点。在神户市中心附近测量的气溶胶和气体中的化学物种浓度约为农村地区的3.4倍。六甲山与市中心接壤，这导致六甲山的浓度高于粟生山。六甲山的沉积量大于粟生山，这可能归因于大气气溶胶和气体中化学物种的浓度更高。
