Geuze Reint H
Developmental & Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Neural Plast. 2005;12(2-3):183-96; discussion 263-72. doi: 10.1155/NP.2005.183.
The development of static balance is a basic characteristic of normal motor development. Most developmental motor tests include a measure of static balance. Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) often fail this item. This study reviews the balance problems of children with DCD. The general conclusion is drawn that under normal conditions static balance control is not a problem for children with DCD. Only in difficult, unattended, or novel situations such children seem to suffer from increased postural sway. These findings raise the question of what happens when balance is lost. The present study addresses the strength of correlation between the electromyography (EMG) and force plate signals in one-leg stance over epochs of stable and unstable balance. Four groups of children were involved in the study: two age groups and a group of children with DCD and balance problems and their controls. The results show a clear involvement of tibialis anterior and peroneus muscles in the control of lateral balance in all conditions and groups. The group of children with DCD and balance problems, however, showed a weaker coupling between EMG and corrective force compared with control children, indicating non-optimal balance control. An evaluation of the existing data in terms of evidence of specific structural deficits associated with DCD provided converging evidence that suggests cerebellar involvement.
静态平衡的发展是正常运动发育的一个基本特征。大多数发育性运动测试都包括对静态平衡的测量。患有发育性协调障碍（DCD）的儿童在这个项目上常常不及格。本研究回顾了患有DCD的儿童的平衡问题。得出的总体结论是，在正常情况下，静态平衡控制对患有DCD的儿童来说不是问题。只有在困难、无人关注或新奇的情况下，这类儿童似乎才会出现姿势摆动增加的情况。这些发现提出了一个问题，即当失去平衡时会发生什么。本研究探讨了在稳定和不稳定平衡阶段单腿站立时肌电图（EMG）与测力板信号之间的相关强度。四组儿童参与了这项研究：两个年龄组以及一组患有DCD和平衡问题的儿童及其对照组。结果表明，在所有情况和组中，胫骨前肌和腓骨肌明显参与了外侧平衡的控制。然而，患有DCD和平衡问题的儿童组与对照组相比，肌电图与矫正力之间的耦合较弱，表明平衡控制不理想。根据与DCD相关的特定结构缺陷的证据对现有数据进行评估，提供了表明小脑受累的趋同证据。
