Hartung Bruce, Schrater Paul R, Bülthoff Heinrich H, Kersten Daniel, Franz Volker H
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
J Vis. 2005 Jun 10;5(6):504-14. doi: 10.1167/5.6.2.
We investigated whether humans use prior knowledge of the geometry of faces in visually guided reaching. When viewing the inside of a mask of a face, the mask is often perceived as being a normal (convex) face, instead of the veridical, hollow (concave) shape. In this "hollow-face illusion," prior knowledge of the shape of faces dominates perception, even when in conflict with information from binocular disparity. Computer images of normal and hollow faces were presented, such that depth information from binocular disparity was consistent or in conflict with prior knowledge of the geometry. Participants reached to touch either the nose or cheek of the faces or gave verbal estimates of the corresponding distances. We found that reaching to touch was dominated by prior knowledge of face geometry. However, hollow faces were estimated to be flatter than normal faces. This suggests that the visual system combines binocular disparity and prior assumptions, rather than completely discounting one or the other. When comparing the magnitude of the hollow-face illusion in reaching and verbal tasks, we found that the flattening effect of the illusion was similar for verbal and reaching tasks.
我们研究了人类在视觉引导的伸手动作中是否会利用对面部几何形状的先验知识。当观察人脸面具的内部时，该面具通常会被感知为正常（凸面）的脸，而非真实的中空（凹面）形状。在这种“中空脸错觉”中，即使与双眼视差信息相冲突，对面部形状的先验知识仍主导着感知。呈现正常脸和中空脸的计算机图像，使得来自双眼视差的深度信息与面部几何形状的先验知识一致或冲突。参与者伸手触摸面部的鼻子或脸颊，或者对相应距离进行口头估计。我们发现，伸手触摸的动作受面部几何形状先验知识的主导。然而，中空脸被估计比正常脸更扁平。这表明视觉系统会结合双眼视差和先验假设，而不是完全忽略其中一个或另一个。当比较伸手动作任务和言语任务中中空脸错觉的程度时，我们发现该错觉的扁平效应在言语任务和伸手动作任务中相似。
