Lindström Martin
Department of Community Medicine, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden.
Soc Sci Med. 2006 Jan;62(2):280-91. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.06.005. Epub 2005 Aug 11.
Social capital is often claimed to be promoted by stable social structures such as low migration rates between neighbourhoods and social networks that remain stable over time. However, stable social structures may also inhibit the formation of social capital in the form of social networks and social participation. One example is psychosocial conditions at work, which may be determined by characteristics such as demand and control in the work situation. The study examines the active workforce subpopulation within the Swedish Malmö Shoulder Neck Study. A total of 7836 individuals aged 45-69 years, were interviewed at baseline between 1992 and 1994, and at a 1-year follow-up. Four groups of baseline psychosocial work conditions categories defined by the Karasek-Theorell model (jobstrain, passive, active, relaxed) were analysed according to 13 different social participation items during the past year reported at the 1-year follow-up. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals with the jobstrain group as a reference were estimated. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess differences in different aspects of social participation between the four psychosocial work conditions groups. The results show that the respondents within the active category in particular but also the relaxed category, have significantly higher participation in many of the 13 social participation items, even after multivariate adjustments. The results strongly suggest that psychosocial work conditions may be an important determinant of social capital measured as social participation, a finding of immediate public health relevance because of the well known positive association between social participation and health-related behaviours.
社会资本通常被认为是由稳定的社会结构所促进的，比如社区间较低的迁移率以及长期保持稳定的社会网络。然而，稳定的社会结构也可能抑制以社会网络和社会参与形式存在的社会资本的形成。一个例子是工作中的心理社会状况，它可能由工作环境中的需求和控制等特征所决定。该研究考察了瑞典马尔默肩颈研究中的在职劳动力亚群体。共有7836名年龄在45 - 69岁之间的个体在1992年至1994年的基线期接受了访谈，并在1年随访期再次接受访谈。根据1年随访时报告的过去一年中13项不同的社会参与项目，对由Karasek - Theorell模型定义的四组基线心理社会工作状况类别（工作压力、消极、积极、轻松）进行了分析。以工作压力组为参照，估计了优势比和95%置信区间。使用多元逻辑回归模型评估四组心理社会工作状况类别在社会参与不同方面的差异。结果表明，尤其是积极类别以及轻松类别的受访者，即使在进行多元调整后，在13项社会参与项目中的许多项目上的参与度也显著更高。结果有力地表明，心理社会工作状况可能是以社会参与衡量的社会资本的一个重要决定因素，由于社会参与与健康相关行为之间存在众所周知的正相关关系，这一发现具有直接的公共卫生意义。
