Marchand Alain, Demers Andrée, Durand Pierre
Health and Prevention Social Research Group, University of Montreal, Canada.
Sociol Health Illn. 2005 Jul;27(5):602-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9566.2005.00458.x.
This study analyses the relationship between occupation, work conditions and the experience of psychological distress within a model encompassing the stress promoted by constraints-resources embedded in macrosocial structures (occupational structure), structures of daily life (workplace, family, social networks outside the workplace) and agent personality (demography, physical health, psychological traits, life habits, stressful childhood events). Longitudinal data were derived from Statistics Canada's National Population Health Survey and comprised 6,359 workers nested in 471 occupations, followed four times between 1994-1995 and 2000-2001. Discrete time survival multilevel regressions were conducted on first and repeated episodes of psychological distress. Results showed that 42.9 per cent of workers had reported one episode of psychological distress and 18.7 per cent had done so more than once. Data supported the model and challenged the results of previous studies. The individual's position in the occupational structure plays a limited role when the structures of daily life and agent personality are accounted for. In the workplace, job insecurity and social support are important determinants, but greater decision authority increases the risk of psychological distress. Workplace constraints-resources are not moderated either by the other structures of daily life or by agent personality.
本研究分析了职业、工作条件与心理困扰体验之间的关系，该模型涵盖了宏观社会结构（职业结构）、日常生活结构（工作场所、家庭、工作场所以外的社会网络）和个体人格（人口统计学、身体健康、心理特征、生活习惯、童年压力事件）中由限制-资源所引发的压力。纵向数据来自加拿大统计局的全国人口健康调查，包括嵌套在471种职业中的6359名工人，在1994 - 1995年至2000 - 2001年期间进行了四次跟踪调查。对心理困扰的首次发作和反复发作为进行了离散时间生存多水平回归分析。结果显示，42.9%的工人报告有过一次心理困扰发作，18.7%的工人报告发作不止一次。数据支持了该模型，并对以往研究的结果提出了挑战。当考虑到日常生活结构和个体人格时，个体在职业结构中的地位所起的作用有限。在工作场所，工作不安全感和社会支持是重要的决定因素，但更大的决策权会增加心理困扰的风险。工作场所的限制-资源不会受到其他日常生活结构或个体人格的调节。
