Cronin James, Zhang Xian-Yang, Reiser Jakob
Gene Therapy Program, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, 70112, USA.
Curr Gene Ther. 2005 Aug;5(4):387-98. doi: 10.2174/1566523054546224.
The host range of retroviral vectors including lentiviral vectors can be expanded or altered by a process known as pseudotyping. Pseudotyped lentiviral vectors consist of vector particles bearing glycoproteins (GPs) derived from other enveloped viruses. Such particles possess the tropism of the virus from which the GP was derived. For example, to exploit the natural neural tropism of rabies virus, vectors designed to target the central nervous system have been pseudotyped using rabies virus-derived GPs. Among the first and still most widely used GPs for pseudotyping lentiviral vectors is the vesicular stomatitis virus GP (VSV-G), due to the very broad tropism and stability of the resulting pseudotypes. Pseudotypes involving VSV-G have become effectively the standard for evaluating the efficiency of other pseudotypes. This review samples a few of the more prominent examples from the ever-expanding list of published lentiviral pseudotypes, noting comparisons made with pseudotypes involving VSV-G in terms of titer, viral particle stability, toxicity, and host-cell specificity. Particular attention is paid to publications of successfully targeting a specific organ or cell types.
包括慢病毒载体在内的逆转录病毒载体的宿主范围可以通过一种称为假型化的过程来扩大或改变。假型化慢病毒载体由携带源自其他包膜病毒的糖蛋白(GPs)的载体颗粒组成。这些颗粒具有源自其GP的病毒的嗜性。例如,为了利用狂犬病病毒天然的神经嗜性,已使用源自狂犬病病毒的GPs对设计用于靶向中枢神经系统的载体进行假型化。在最早且仍最广泛用于慢病毒载体假型化的GPs中,水泡性口炎病毒GP(VSV-G)是其中之一,这是由于所得假型具有非常广泛的嗜性和稳定性。涉及VSV-G的假型实际上已成为评估其他假型效率的标准。本综述从不断扩大的已发表慢病毒假型列表中选取了一些较为突出的例子,并指出了在滴度、病毒颗粒稳定性、毒性和宿主细胞特异性方面与涉及VSV-G的假型进行的比较。特别关注成功靶向特定器官或细胞类型的出版物。