Joglekar Alok V, Sandoval Salemiz
1 Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California.
Hum Gene Ther Methods. 2017 Dec;28(6):291-301. doi: 10.1089/hgtb.2017.084. Epub 2017 Sep 4.
Viruses have evolved specialized molecular mechanisms to transfer their genome efficiently into host cells. Viruses can be repurposed into viral vectors to achieve controlled gene transfer to desired cells. One of the most popular classes of vectors, lentiviral vectors (LVs), transduce mammalian cells efficiently. LVs are pseudotyped with various heterologous viral envelopes to alter their tropism. While the most common example is the envelope glycoprotein from vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVG), many other viral proteins have also been used. Pseudotyping LVs with a diverse set of naturally occurring or engineered viral envelopes has allowed targeted transduction of specific cell types. Many exciting studies are further uncovering new specificities and shortcomings of pseudotyped LVs. These studies will expand the toolbox to make LVs that cater to the specific requirements of transduction. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various viral envelope pseudotypes used with LVs, their specificities, advantages, and drawbacks.
病毒已经进化出专门的分子机制，以有效地将其基因组转移到宿主细胞中。病毒可以被改造为病毒载体，以实现向所需细胞的可控基因转移。最受欢迎的载体类别之一，慢病毒载体（LVs），能有效地转导哺乳动物细胞。LVs用各种异源病毒包膜进行假型化，以改变其嗜性。虽然最常见的例子是水泡性口炎病毒（VSVG）的包膜糖蛋白，但也使用了许多其他病毒蛋白。用各种天然存在的或工程改造的病毒包膜对LVs进行假型化，使得能够靶向转导特定的细胞类型。许多令人兴奋的研究正在进一步揭示假型化LVs的新特异性和缺点。这些研究将扩展工具库，以制造满足转导特定要求的LVs。本综述全面概述了与LVs一起使用的各种病毒包膜假型、它们的特异性、优点和缺点。
