Guo Qingxi, Wang Tianming
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2005 May;16(5):825-32.
Fenglin National Class Nature Reserve is the largest well-saved virginal Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forest area and a precious species gene bank in China. In this study, the indexes diversity, naturalness, representativity, rarity, area suitability, stability, and anthropogenic interference were selected to establish a ranking ecological evaluation system to estimate the ecological condition of the Reserve. The value of each index was determined by the evaluation system, and the weight percentage was decided by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). In the Reserve, there were 568 higher plant species belonging to 113 families and 220 higher animal species, with score 3 of species diversity. The zonal "climax" vegetation type broad-leaved Korean pine forest and the intrazonal community type spruce-fir forest constituted the principal part of the Reserve forest, which was the epitome of the virgin broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Lesser Xing'an Mountains, with representativity score 3. During the past 20-30 years, the natural habitat in the Reserve was quite good, and secondary succession was obtained effective control with few natural or anthropogenic disturbance, with score 4 of naturalness and anthropogenic interference. There were a lot of ancient species of the tertiary period, such as Pinus koraiensis, Fraxinus mandsurica, Juglans mandshurica, Pellodendron amurense, Tilia amurensis and Acer mono, and Pinus koraiensis was listed as one of severe danger species by the FAO of UN, with rarity score 4. The Reserve covered an area of 18165 hm2, with an enough size to maintain the structure and function of the ecosystem. Accordingly, its area suitability score was 4. Broad-leaved Korean pine forest was the most typical and stable vegetation type in the Reserve, and thus, its stability score was 4. Finally, the composite evaluation index (CEI) was figured out as 0.87, showing that the ecological quality of the Reserve was very good, and the protection value was quite high. In conclusion, the present area, structure, and management of the Reserve could satisfy the requirement of sustainable development.
丰林国家级自然保护区是中国保存最为完好、面积最大的原始红松（Pinus koraiensis）林区，也是珍贵的物种基因库。本研究选取多样性、自然性、代表性、珍稀性、面积适宜性、稳定性和人为干扰等指标，建立了一个排序生态评价体系，以评估该保护区的生态状况。每个指标的值由评价体系确定，权重百分比由层次分析法（AHP）决定。该保护区有113科568种高等植物和220种高等动物，物种多样性得分为3分。地带性“顶极”植被类型阔叶红松林和非地带性群落类型云冷杉林构成了保护区森林的主体，是小兴安岭原始阔叶红松林的缩影，代表性得分为3分。在过去的20 - 30年里，该保护区的自然栖息地状况良好，次生演替得到有效控制，自然和人为干扰较少，自然性和人为干扰得分为4分。这里有许多第三纪的古老物种，如红松、水曲柳、胡桃楸、黄檗、紫椴和色木槭，红松被联合国粮农组织列为严重濒危物种之一，珍稀性得分为4分。该保护区面积为18165公顷，面积足够大，能够维持生态系统的结构和功能。因此，其面积适宜性得分为4分。阔叶红松林是该保护区最典型、最稳定的植被类型，因此其稳定性得分为4分。最后得出综合评价指数（CEI）为0.87，表明该保护区的生态质量非常好，保护价值相当高。综上所述，该保护区目前的面积、结构和管理能够满足可持续发展的要求。
