Fazakerley G V, Jackson G E
J Pharm Sci. 1977 Apr;66(4):533-5. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600660418.
The kinetics of complexation of nickel(II) with some penicillins and related compounds show that the zwitterionic form of the ligand has very low reactivity compared to the anionic form. The resolved rate constants are interpreted in terms of binding to the ring nitrogen and carboxyl group and not to the side chain.