Singab Abdel Nasser B, Youssef Diaa T A, Noaman Eman, Kotb Saeed
Dept. of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.
Arch Pharm Res. 2005 Jul;28(7):791-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02977344.
The hepatoprotective activity of flavonol glycosides rich fraction (F-2), prepared from 70% alcohol extract of the aerial parts of V. calcarata Desf., was evaluated in a rat model with a liver injury induced by daily oral administration of CCl4 (100 mg/kg, b.w) for four weeks. Treatment of the animals with F-2 using a dose of (25 mg/kg, b.w) during the induction of hepatic damage by CCl4 significantly reduced the indices of liver injuries. The hepatoprotective effects of F-2 significantly reduced the elevated levels of the following serum enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The antioxidant activity of F-2 markedly ameliorated the antioxidant parameters including glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma catalase (CAT) and packed erythrocytes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) to be comparable with normal control levels. In addition, it normalized liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and creatinine concentration. Chromatographic purification of F-2 resulted in the isolation of two flavonol glycosides that rarely occur in the plant kingdom, identified as quercetin-3, 5-di-O-beta-D-diglucoside (5) and kaempferol-3, 5-di-O-beta-D-diglucoside (4) in addition to the three known compounds identified as quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnosyl- (1-->6)-beta-D-glucoside [rutin, 3], quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside [isoquercitrin, 2] and kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside [astragalin, 1]. These compounds were identified based on interpretation of their physical, chemical, and spectral data. Moreover, the spectrophotometric estimation of the flavonoids content revealed that the aerial parts of the plant contain an appreciable amount of flavonoids (0.89%) calculated as rutin. The data obtained from this study revealed that the flavonol glycosides of F-2 protect the rat liver from hepatic damage induced by CCl4 through inhibition of lipid peroxidation caused by CCl4 reactive free radicals.
从长距紫堇地上部分70%乙醇提取物中制备的富含黄酮醇苷的组分（F-2）的保肝活性，在通过每日口服四氯化碳（100 mg/kg，体重）诱导肝损伤四周的大鼠模型中进行了评估。在四氯化碳诱导肝损伤期间，用F-2（25 mg/kg，体重）剂量处理动物，显著降低了肝损伤指标。F-2的保肝作用显著降低了以下血清酶的升高水平：丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）。F-2的抗氧化活性显著改善了抗氧化参数，包括谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、血浆过氧化氢酶（CAT）和红细胞葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G6PDH），使其与正常对照水平相当。此外，它使肝脏丙二醛（MDA）水平和肌酐浓度正常化。F-2的色谱纯化导致分离出两种在植物界中很少出现的黄酮醇苷，鉴定为槲皮素-3,5-二-O-β-D-二葡萄糖苷（5）和山奈酚-3,5-二-O-β-D-二葡萄糖苷（4），此外还鉴定出三种已知化合物，分别为槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-（1→6）-β-D-葡萄糖苷[芦丁，3]、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷[异槲皮苷，2]和山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷[紫云英苷，1]。这些化合物是根据它们的物理、化学和光谱数据的解释鉴定的。此外，黄酮类化合物含量的分光光度法估计表明，该植物地上部分含有相当数量的黄酮类化合物（以芦丁计为0.89%）。从这项研究中获得的数据表明，F-2的黄酮醇苷通过抑制四氯化碳反应性自由基引起的脂质过氧化，保护大鼠肝脏免受四氯化碳诱导的肝损伤。
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