Taupin Philippe
National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 308433 Singapore.
Med Sci (Paris). 2005 Aug-Sep;21(8-9):711-4. doi: 10.1051/medsci/2005218-9711.
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are the self-renewing, multipotent cells that generate neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in the nervous system. Contrary to the long-held dogma, neurogenesis occurs in discrete areas of the adult brain, the hippocampus and the subventricular zone, and NSCs reside in the adult central nervous system. Recent studies have shown that neurogenesis is increased in the diseased brains, after strokes and traumatic brain injuries, and that new neuronal cells are generated at the sites of injury, where they replace some of the degenerated nerve cells. Thus, the central nervous system has the capacity to regenerate after injury. The contribution and function of the increased neurogenesis in the pathologies of the nervous system remain to be understood. The increased hippocampal neurogenesis may play a role in neuroadaptation, such as in memory troubles and depression, associated with these pathologies. The increased neurogenesis at the sites of injury may represent an attempt by the central nervous system to regenerate itself after injury. Newly generated neuronal cells at the sites of injury originate from the subventricular zone. Hence, strategies that would promote neurogenesis in the subventricular zone may promote neuronal repair after injury of the nervous system. In this manuscript, we will review the studies on neurogenesis in the pathologies of the nervous system.
神经干细胞（NSCs）是一类能够自我更新的多能细胞，可在神经系统中生成神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。与长期以来的观点相反，成体大脑的离散区域，即海马体和脑室下区会发生神经发生，并且神经干细胞存在于成体中枢神经系统中。最近的研究表明，在患病大脑、中风和创伤性脑损伤后，神经发生会增加，并且在损伤部位会产生新的神经元细胞，这些新细胞会替代一些退化的神经细胞。因此，中枢神经系统在损伤后具有再生能力。神经发生增加在神经系统疾病中的作用和功能仍有待了解。海马体神经发生增加可能在与这些疾病相关的神经适应过程中发挥作用，如记忆障碍和抑郁症。损伤部位神经发生增加可能代表中枢神经系统在损伤后自我再生的一种尝试。损伤部位新生成的神经元细胞起源于脑室下区。因此，促进脑室下区神经发生的策略可能会促进神经系统损伤后的神经元修复。在本手稿中，我们将综述神经系统疾病中神经发生的相关研究。
