Homziuk Magdalena
Z Katedry i Kliniki Chorób Oczu Akademii Medycznej w Gdansku.
Klin Oczna. 2005;107(4-6):266-8.
Orbital fractures are common in midface trauma. The aim of our study was the retrospective analysis of patients with eye injuries. According to a prospective protocol we studied 82% adults and 18% children with orbital fractures. Men compared 72% of the patients. Men aged 21-35 years the most affected (mean age 29 years). These patients were divided into two groups: these who was treated in Emergency Department of our Clinic in 1990-1991 years (group I) and these who was treated in 2000-2001 (group II). Patients were analysed for age, sex, cause of injury and types of orbital fracture. In a patient with orbital trauma and orbital fractures visual acuity and ocular muscle motility are two most important ophthalmologic functions to be evaluated emeregently. Inclusion criteria were clinically suspected orbital injuries defined by reduced bulbus motility or diplopia We determined visual function: visual acuity, intraocular pressure, biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy, X- ray and CT examination. X- ray and CT has come to play a major role in the orbital examination of trauma patients with orbital fractures. Our cases of the orbital margin fractures classified into: blow-out (orbital floor fracture), Le Fort III (orbital- zygomatic fracture), roof fracture (fracture of the inferior orbital rim) and complex orbital fracture. The blow-out orbital fracture was the most common fracture type and orbital roof was the least common site of fracture of the orbital bony covering of the eye. In whole orbital fractures there were single wall fracture in 43% of cases in group I and 41% of cases in group II., two-wall fracture in 31% of cases in group I and 30% of cases in group II, Three wall-fracture in 15% of cases in group I and 17% of cases in group II. and four wall-fracture in 11% of cases in group I and 12% of cases in group II. Of whole orbital fractures had an associated eye injury. Common mechanisms included assaults (37% of cases in group I and 46% of cases in group II) and car or motor vehicle accidents (43% of cases in group I and 44% of cases in group II). We believe that further studies on this subject are necessary because the mechanism which produces the orbital fractures is subject to debate, they are acknowledged to be difficult to diagnose solely through clinical means.
眼眶骨折在面中部创伤中很常见。我们研究的目的是对眼外伤患者进行回顾性分析。根据一项前瞻性方案，我们研究了82%的成人和18%的儿童眼眶骨折患者。男性占患者总数的72%。年龄在21 - 35岁的男性受影响最大（平均年龄29岁）。这些患者被分为两组：1990 - 1991年在我们诊所急诊科接受治疗的患者（第一组）和2000 - 2001年接受治疗的患者（第二组）。对患者的年龄、性别、受伤原因和眼眶骨折类型进行了分析。对于眼眶外伤和眼眶骨折患者，视力和眼球运动是需要紧急评估的两项最重要的眼科功能。纳入标准为临床上怀疑眼眶损伤，表现为眼球运动受限或复视。我们测定了视觉功能：视力、眼压、生物显微镜检查和检眼镜检查、X线和CT检查。X线和CT在眼眶骨折外伤患者的眼眶检查中发挥了重要作用。我们将眼眶边缘骨折病例分为：爆裂性骨折（眶底骨折）、Le Fort III型骨折（眶颧骨折）、眶顶骨折（眶下缘骨折）和复杂眼眶骨折。爆裂性眼眶骨折是最常见的骨折类型，眼眶顶是眼球眼眶骨覆盖物骨折最不常见的部位。在整个眼眶骨折中，第一组43%的病例和第二组41%的病例为单壁骨折，第一组31%的病例和第二组30%的病例为双壁骨折，第一组15%的病例和第二组17%的病例为三壁骨折，第一组11%的病例和第二组12%的病例为四壁骨折。整个眼眶骨折均伴有眼外伤。常见的致伤机制包括袭击（第一组37%的病例和第二组46%的病例）和汽车或机动车事故（第一组43%的病例和第二组44%的病例）。我们认为有必要对该主题进行进一步研究，因为导致眼眶骨折的机制存在争议，人们公认仅通过临床手段难以诊断。
