Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy and ursodiol versus ursodiol alone in the treatment of gallstones.

The efficacy and occurrence of adverse effects after two forms of treatment were compared in 111 patients with biliary colic and radiolucent gallstones in this prospective, nonrandomized study. Fifty-four patients received extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESL) plus ursodiol, and 57 patients received ursodiol alone. Among patients with a single stone (5-20 mm in size), no patient treated with ursodiol alone had a stone-free gallbladder at 6 or 12 months after treatment; of those treated with ESL plus ursodiol, 15 of 24 patients (63%) had a stone-free gallbladder at 6 months and 17 of 20 patients (85%) at 12 months. For patients with multiple stones (with an aggregate diameter of less than or equal to 30 mm), the incidence of a stone-free gallbladder was 2 of 43 patients (5%) at 6 months and 8 of 35 patients (23%) at 12 months in the ursodiol treatment group. In the ESL plus ursodiol group, the incidence of a stone-free gallbladder was 7 of 22 patients (32%) at 6 months and 9 of 20 patients (45%) at 12 months. Two patients in the ESL plus ursodiol group (4%) and 13 patients in the ursodiol group (24%) underwent cholecystectomy. Both patients in the ESL plus ursodiol therapy and 4 patients in the ursodiol group had emergency cholecystectomies because of acute cholecystitis. The remaining 9 patients in the ursodiol group had elective cholecystectomies. In this nonrandomized, prospective study, ESL plus ursodiol treatment produced stone-free gallbladders at a faster rate than ursodiol alone in patients with either single or multiple gallstones.