Roth T, Roehrs T A
Sleep Disorders Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202-2691.
J Clin Psychiatry. 1992 Jun;53 Suppl:14-8.
In selecting a hypnotic for the symptomatic management of insomnia, clinicians should look for those that most favorably balance sleep induction and sleep maintenance with potential adverse side effects. While all benzodiazepines have demonstrated efficacy in nocturnal sedation, the side effects of different compounds--and different doses of the same compound--vary greatly. The most common adverse effects associated with benzodiazepines are residual sedation, anterograde amnesia, and rebound insomnia, which are also related to the insomnia complaint itself. Therefore, careful evaluation of the dose of a benzodiazepine hypnotic is the key to effective treatment of insomnia without inducement of adverse effects. The most common side effects of hypnotics and their relation to drug dose are reviewed.
在选择用于失眠症状管理的催眠药时，临床医生应寻找那些在诱导睡眠和维持睡眠与潜在不良副作用之间能达到最有利平衡的药物。虽然所有苯二氮䓬类药物在夜间镇静方面都已证明有效，但不同化合物以及同一化合物不同剂量的副作用差异很大。与苯二氮䓬类药物相关的最常见不良反应是残余镇静、顺行性遗忘和反弹性失眠，这些也与失眠主诉本身有关。因此，仔细评估苯二氮䓬类催眠药的剂量是有效治疗失眠而不诱发不良反应的关键。本文综述了催眠药最常见的副作用及其与药物剂量的关系。
