Shen Wensheng, Zhang Jun, Yang Fuqian
Laboratory for High Performance Scientific Computing and Computer Simulation, Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046, USA.
Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin. 2005 Apr;8(2):115-25. doi: 10.1080/10255840500180849.
A three-dimensional (3D) multilayer model based on the skin physical structure is developed to investigate the transient thermal response of human skin subject to laser heating. The temperature distribution of the skin is modeled by the bioheat transfer equation, and the influence of laser heating is expressed as a source term where the strength of the source is a product of a Gaussian shaped incident irradiance, an exponentially shaped axial attenuation, and a time function. The water evaporation and diffusion is included in the model by adding two terms regarding the heat loss due to the evaporation and diffusion, where the rate of water evaporation is determined based on the theory of laminar boundary layer. Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) in laser therapy is studied, as well as its effect on the skin thermal response. The time-dependent equation is discretized using the finite difference method with the Crank-Nicholson scheme and the stability of the numerical method is analyzed. The large sparse linear system resulted from discretizing the governing partial differential equation is solved by a GMRES solver and the expected simulation results are obtained.
基于皮肤物理结构开发了一种三维（3D）多层模型，以研究人体皮肤在激光加热下的瞬态热响应。皮肤的温度分布由生物热传递方程建模，激光加热的影响表示为源项，其中源的强度是高斯形状的入射辐照度、指数形状的轴向衰减和时间函数的乘积。通过添加关于蒸发和扩散引起的热损失的两项将水的蒸发和扩散纳入模型，其中水的蒸发速率基于层流边界层理论确定。研究了激光治疗中的冷冻喷雾冷却（CSC）及其对皮肤热响应的影响。使用具有克兰克 - 尼科尔森格式的有限差分法对时间相关方程进行离散化，并分析了数值方法的稳定性。通过GMRES求解器求解离散控制偏微分方程得到的大型稀疏线性系统，获得了预期的模拟结果。
