Thogeirsdóttir Hólmfrídur, Steingrímsdóttir Laufey, Olafsson Orn, Gudnason Vilmundur
Laeknabladid. 2005 Jan;91(1):115-21.
The aim of this study was to assess possible changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Iceland during the last decades. Furthermore, the possible effect of dietary changes on the observed trend in obesity prevalence was evaluated.
Participants came from stages III-V in the Reykjavik Health Study and the Reykjavik part of the MONICA studies from the period 1975-1994. The age groups 45-54 years and 55-64 years were examined. Only the information from the first visit of each person was included. The body mass index (BMI) for the participants was calculated and the percentage of those subjects considered overweight and obese according to WHO standards evaluated, using 25= or >BMI<30 kg/m2 as the cut-off point for overweight and BMI= or >30 kg/m2 as the cut-off point for obesity. Also, the observed trend in obesity prevalence is compared to changes in diet that have occurred in the same period.
The results show that the mean weight and height of both men and women have been increasing during the study period. However, weight has increased more than can be accounted for by increased height, resulting in increased BMI. At the same time, the prevalence of overweight and obesity have increased, the relative increase in obesity far exceeding the relative increase in overweight. The prevalence of obesity more than doubled in both age groups of women during the study period, according to trend analyses. At the end of the period, almost 15% (95% confidence interval (CI), 9-22%) in the younger group of women and 25% (95% CI, 17-34%) in the older group were classified as obese. In the younger group of men, the prevalence of obesity almost doubled, while the observed increase in the older group was not statistically significant, according to trend analyses. The prevalence of obesity in the final period was about 19% (95% CI, 13-27%) and 17% (95% CI, 11-25%) in the younger and older groups of men, respectively. According to the food supply statistics there have been insignificant changes in the consumption of energy nutrients during the period.
Overweight and obesity are becoming more common among middle-aged men and women in Reykjavik, during the period 1975-1994 and the rate of increase being comparable to that observed in many Western countries. It is urgent to respond to this problem by promoting a healthier lifestyle, both with respect to diet and physical activity.
本研究旨在评估冰岛过去几十年中超重和肥胖患病率的可能变化。此外，还评估了饮食变化对观察到的肥胖患病率趋势的可能影响。
参与者来自雷克雅未克健康研究的III - V阶段以及1975 - 1994年期间MONICA研究的雷克雅未克部分。对45 - 54岁和55 - 64岁年龄组进行了检查。仅纳入每人首次就诊时的信息。计算参与者的体重指数（BMI），并根据世界卫生组织标准评估超重和肥胖受试者的百分比，将BMI≥25且<30 kg/m²作为超重的切点，BMI≥30 kg/m²作为肥胖的切点。此外，将观察到的肥胖患病率趋势与同期发生的饮食变化进行比较。
结果表明，在研究期间，男性和女性的平均体重和身高均有所增加。然而，体重增加幅度超过了身高增加所能解释的范围，导致BMI升高。与此同时，超重和肥胖的患病率有所上升，肥胖的相对增加幅度远远超过超重的相对增加幅度。根据趋势分析，在研究期间，两个年龄组的女性肥胖患病率均增加了一倍多。在该时期末，较年轻女性组中近15%（95%置信区间（CI），9 - 22%）和较年长女性组中25%（95% CI，17 - 34%）被归类为肥胖。在较年轻男性组中，肥胖患病率几乎增加了一倍，而根据趋势分析，较年长男性组中观察到的增加无统计学意义。在最终阶段，较年轻和较年长男性组的肥胖患病率分别约为19%（95% CI，13 - 27%）和17%（95% CI，11 - 25%）。根据食物供应统计数据，在此期间能量营养素的消费量变化不显著。
在1975 - 1994年期间，雷克雅未克的中年男性和女性中超重和肥胖变得更加普遍，且增加速度与许多西方国家观察到的情况相当。迫切需要通过推广更健康的生活方式来应对这一问题，包括饮食和体育活动方面。
