1949年至2004年年轻成年人心率的长期趋势：横断面研究分析
Secular trends in heart rate in young adults, 1949 to 2004: analyses of cross sectional studies.
作者信息
Black A, Murray L, Cardwell C, Smith G Davey, McCarron P
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
出版信息
Heart. 2006 Apr;92(4):468-73. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2005.067777. Epub 2005 Sep 13.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate secular trends in resting heart rate in young adults.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A series of cross sectional cohorts of first year undergraduates (5562) aged 16-24 years who attended Queen's University Belfast from 1949 to 2004 and underwent health checks at the university health centre.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Resting heart rate.
RESULTS
Crude aggregate data for 1949-59 showed a secular decline in heart rate in male and female students. Both unadjusted and fully adjusted analyses of data from 1975 onwards-controlled for age, body mass index, height, and smoking-showed a U shaped association between heart rate and year of entry to university in both sexes (p < 0.001): heart rate initially declined and then increased from the mid 1980s. Trends were similar in smokers and non-smokers and in students with normal body size and those who were overweight. However, heart rate in the 693 (28%) male students reporting the most physical activity remained stable and lower than that of men who participated in less physical activity over the period of the study. Similarly in female students, heart rate was generally lower in the 210 (10%) who participated in the most physical activity than in those who engaged in less physical activity.
CONCLUSIONS
The decline in heart rate in young adults occurring at least 50 years ago and continuing until the 1980s is consistent with other favourable findings on cardiovascular health in this age group and with observed long term declines in cardiovascular mortality. The more recent rise in heart rate, not accounted for by increases in overweight, prompts concern that recent favourable trends in cardiovascular disease risk may not be maintained. Among students who took part in the highest levels of physical activity the finding of low and stable heart rates points to the importance of exercise in maintaining cardiovascular health. Measurement of heart rate in population surveys would provide a simple tool to assist monitoring cardiovascular health.
目的
研究年轻成年人静息心率的长期变化趋势。
设计、背景和参与者：一系列横断面队列研究，对象为1949年至2004年在贝尔法斯特女王大学就读的16至24岁的一年级本科生（共5562名），他们在大学健康中心接受了健康检查。
主要观察指标
静息心率。
结果
1949 - 1959年的粗略汇总数据显示，男、女学生的心率呈长期下降趋势。对1975年以后的数据进行的未调整分析和完全调整分析（控制了年龄、体重指数、身高和吸烟因素）显示，男女的心率与入学年份之间呈U形关联（p < 0.001）：心率最初下降，然后从20世纪80年代中期开始上升。吸烟者和非吸烟者、体型正常的学生和超重学生的趋势相似。然而，在报告体育活动量最大的693名（28%）男学生中，心率保持稳定且低于在研究期间体育活动量较少的男性。同样，在女学生中，参与体育活动量最大的210名（10%）学生的心率通常低于体育活动量较少的学生。
结论
至少在50年前出现并持续到20世纪80年代的年轻成年人心率下降，与该年龄组心血管健康的其他有利发现以及观察到的心血管死亡率的长期下降相一致。近期心率的上升（无法用超重增加来解释）引发了人们对心血管疾病风险近期有利趋势可能无法维持的担忧。在参与体育活动量最高的学生中，心率低且稳定的发现表明运动对维持心血管健康的重要性。在人群调查中测量心率将提供一个简单的工具来协助监测心血管健康。
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