Saranummi Niilo
VTT Information Technology, PO Box 1206, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland.
Stud Health Technol Inform. 2005;115:37-60.
The PICNIC architecture aims at supporting inter-enterprise integration and the facilitation of collaboration between healthcare organisations. The concept of a Regional Health Economy (RHE) is introduced to illustrate the varying nature of inter-enterprise collaboration between healthcare organisations collaborating in providing health services to citizens and patients in a regional setting. The PICNIC architecture comprises a number of PICNIC IT Services, the interfaces between them and presents a way to assemble these into a functioning Regional Health Care Network meeting the needs and concerns of its stakeholders. The PICNIC architecture is presented through a number of views relevant to different stakeholder groups. The stakeholders of the first view are national and regional health authorities and policy makers. The view describes how the architecture enables the implementation of national and regional health policies, strategies and organisational structures. The stakeholders of the second view, the service viewpoint, are the care providers, health professionals, patients and citizens. The view describes how the architecture supports and enables regional care delivery and process management including continuity of care (shared care) and citizen-centred health services. The stakeholders of the third view, the engineering view, are those that design, build and implement the RHCN. The view comprises four sub views: software engineering, IT services engineering, security and data. The proposed architecture is founded into the main stream of how distributed computing environments are evolving. The architecture is realised using the web services approach. A number of well established technology platforms and generic standards exist that can be used to implement the software components. The software components that are specified in PICNIC are implemented in Open Source.
PICNIC架构旨在支持企业间集成，并促进医疗保健组织之间的协作。引入区域卫生经济（RHE）的概念，以说明在区域环境中为公民和患者提供卫生服务的医疗保健组织之间企业间协作的不同性质。PICNIC架构包括许多PICNIC IT服务、它们之间的接口，并提供了一种将这些组件组装成一个满足其利益相关者需求和关注点的功能性区域医疗保健网络的方法。PICNIC架构通过与不同利益相关者群体相关的多个视图来呈现。第一个视图的利益相关者是国家和区域卫生当局以及政策制定者。该视图描述了架构如何实现国家和区域卫生政策、战略及组织结构。第二个视图即服务视图的利益相关者是护理提供者、卫生专业人员、患者和公民。该视图描述了架构如何支持并实现区域护理交付和流程管理，包括连续护理（共享护理）和以公民为中心的卫生服务。第三个视图即工程视图的利益相关者是设计、构建和实施区域医疗保健网络的人员。该视图包括四个子视图：软件工程、IT服务工程、安全和数据。所提出的架构基于分布式计算环境的发展主流。该架构使用Web服务方法来实现。存在许多成熟的技术平台和通用标准，可用于实现软件组件。PICNIC中指定的软件组件以开源方式实现。
