Orth-Gomér Kristina, Lewandrowski Evelyn, Westman Lars-Peter, Wang Hui-Xin, Leineweber Constanze
Institutionen för folkhälsovetenskap, Karolinska institutet, Stockholm.
Lakartidningen. 2005;102(34):2296-9, 2301, 2302-3.
We followed 300 Stockholm women, aged 30 to 65, for ten years to examine their health at the end of their working life and adaptation to retirement. Less than half of the initially healthy women were working until the retirement age of 65. More women left their working lives due to work related causes, than because of illness. Baseline assessments of stress at work and stress in the family were more important determinants of ill health than were life style (smoking, alcohol intake, exercise) and standard risk factors (lipid and hemostatic profile, blood pressure and obesity). The distribution of deaths and sickness pensions followed an expected social gradient with a higher frequency in women of lower social class, whereas the reverse was true for long-term sick leave (over 28 days). To stop working before the age of 65, with or without economic compensation, may be interpreted as an effective "coping-mechanism" available to well educated women, in order to avoid life-threatening illness.
我们对300名年龄在30至65岁之间的斯德哥尔摩女性进行了为期十年的跟踪研究，以考察她们职业生涯结束时的健康状况以及对退休的适应情况。最初健康的女性中，不到一半的人工作到65岁退休年龄。因工作相关原因离开工作岗位的女性多于因疾病离开的女性。与生活方式（吸烟、饮酒、锻炼）和标准风险因素（血脂和止血指标、血压和肥胖）相比，工作压力和家庭压力的基线评估是健康不佳的更重要决定因素。死亡和疾病养老金的分布呈现出预期的社会梯度，社会阶层较低的女性出现频率更高，而长期病假（超过28天）的情况则相反。在65岁之前停止工作，无论有无经济补偿，都可被视为受过良好教育的女性可采用的一种有效的“应对机制”，以避免危及生命的疾病。
