Somova L A, Pechurkin N S, Pisman T I
Institute of Biophysics, SB, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Adv Space Res. 2005;35(9):1512-5. doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2004.12.038.
Studying material transformations and biotic cycling in artificial ecosystems (AES), we need to know the principles of biological adaptation of active organisms to change in the environment. Microorganisms in AES for water purification are the most active transforming organisms and consumers of the organic substances contained in wastes. Utilization of organic substances is directly connected with the energy fluxes used by AES. According to energy criteria, the energy fluxes used by a biological system tend to reach maximum values under stable conditions. Unutilized substrate concentration decreases as a result of biological adaptations. After a dramatic change in environmental factors, for example, after a sharp increase in the flow rate of organic substances, the biological system is not able to react quickly. The concentration of unutilized substrate increases and the energy flux used by the biological system decreases. The structure of the microbial community also changes, with a decrease in biological diversity. The efficiency of energy use by simple terrestrial ecosystems depends on the energetic intensity and interactions between plants and rhizospheric microorganisms.
在研究人工生态系统（AES）中的物质转化和生物循环时，我们需要了解活性生物对环境变化的生物适应原理。用于水净化的AES中的微生物是最活跃的转化生物和废物中所含有机物质的消费者。有机物质的利用与AES所使用的能量通量直接相关。根据能量标准，生物系统所使用的能量通量在稳定条件下趋于达到最大值。由于生物适应，未利用的底物浓度会降低。在环境因素发生剧烈变化后，例如有机物质流速急剧增加后，生物系统无法迅速做出反应。未利用底物的浓度增加，生物系统所使用的能量通量降低。微生物群落的结构也会发生变化，生物多样性降低。简单陆地生态系统的能量利用效率取决于能量强度以及植物与根际微生物之间的相互作用。
