Pal P K, Netravathi M
Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029.
J Indian Med Assoc. 2005 Mar;103(3):168-70, 172, 174-6.
Neurodegenerative disorders result from premature progressive degeneration of specific neurons, and manifest as diseases or syndromes with varied combinations of cognitive, motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunctions. The management involves pharmacotherapy as well as non-pharmacological measures and also to lessen the burden of the care-givers. The medications available for medical treatment are: Levodopa, dopamine agonists, amantadine, anticholinergics, enzyme inhibitors, etc. Advanced Parkinson's disease is concerned with management of motor complications and non-motor complications. Recently surgical treatment is a great option for managing motor complication. Orthostatic hypotension, gait distiurbances, emotional and psychiatric problems, sleep disturbances can be managed and had been discussed in brief. Currently there is no medication available for the cure of Alzheimer's disease. The specific medications claimed to improve patient's well being and cognition include cholinesterase inhibitors, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, anti-oxidants, and anti-amyloid therapy. While medical and surgical treatments for Parkinson's disease have revolutionised the management, still drug therapy for Alzheimer's disease is dismal.
神经退行性疾病是由特定神经元过早进行性退变引起的，表现为伴有认知、运动、感觉和自主神经功能障碍等多种组合的疾病或综合征。其治疗包括药物治疗以及非药物措施，同时也要减轻护理人员的负担。可用于医学治疗的药物有：左旋多巴、多巴胺激动剂、金刚烷胺、抗胆碱能药物、酶抑制剂等。晚期帕金森病涉及运动并发症和非运动并发症的管理。最近，手术治疗是管理运动并发症的一个很好的选择。体位性低血压、步态障碍、情绪和精神问题、睡眠障碍可以得到管理，本文已对此进行了简要讨论。目前尚无治愈阿尔茨海默病的药物。据称可改善患者健康状况和认知的特定药物包括胆碱酯酶抑制剂、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体拮抗剂、抗氧化剂和抗淀粉样蛋白疗法。虽然帕金森病的医学和手术治疗彻底改变了其管理方式，但阿尔茨海默病的药物治疗仍然令人沮丧。
