Walh K, Kordon A, Hohagen F
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck.
MMW Fortschr Med. 2005 Sep 1;147(35-36):42-5.
Obsessive-compulsive disorders are characterized by recurrent and persistent obsessive thoughts that are experienced as obtrusive and inappropriate, and (often stereotypic and repetitive) compulsive actions. Their lifetime prevalence is estimated to be 1-2%. Men and women are affected by such disorders in about equal numbers. The most common comorbidities are depression and anxiety. The etiology is considered to encompass both psychological and neurobiological aspects. The most effective therapeutic approach is cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention as the central element, which leads to a lasting improvement in symptoms in some 60-80% of the patients. If a depressive disorder is also present, or if obsessive thoughts are predominant, a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacological treatment with (selective) serotonin reuptake inhibitors has proven effective.
强迫症的特点是反复出现且持续存在的强迫观念，这些观念被体验为突兀且不适当，以及（通常是刻板和重复的）强迫行为。据估计，其终生患病率为1%至2%。男性和女性受此类疾病影响的人数大致相等。最常见的共病是抑郁症和焦虑症。病因被认为包括心理和神经生物学方面。最有效的治疗方法是以暴露和反应预防为核心要素的认知行为疗法，约60%至80%的患者症状会因此得到持久改善。如果同时存在抑郁症，或者强迫观念占主导，认知行为疗法与（选择性）5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂的药物治疗相结合已被证明是有效的。
