Hussain M, Melegaro A, Pebody R G, George R, Edmunds W J, Talukdar R, Martin S A, Efstratiou A, Miller E
Immunisation Department, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, London, UK.
Epidemiol Infect. 2005 Oct;133(5):891-8. doi: 10.1017/S0950268805004012.
A 10-month longitudinal household study of pre-school children and their families was undertaken with monthly visits collecting epidemiological data and nasopharyngeal swabs in Hertfordshire, England from 2001 to 2002. Pneumococcal culture was with standard methods. In total, 121 families (489 individuals) took part. Mean prevalence of carriage ranged from 52% for age groups 0-2 years, 45% for 3-4 years, 21% for 5-17 years and 8% for >or=18 years. Carriage occurred more than once in 86% of children aged 0-2 years compared to 36% of those aged >or=18 years. The most prevalent serotypes in the 0-2 years age group were 6B followed by 19F, 23F, 6A and 14. Young children were responsible for the majority of introductions of new serotypes into a household. Erythromycin resistance (alone or in combination) occurred in 10% of samples and penicillin non-susceptibility in 3.7%. Overall the recently licensed 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV) would protect against 64% of serotypes with no intra-serogroup cross protection and 82% with such protection. Nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae is common in a UK setting in the pre-conjugate vaccine era. PCV would protect against a large proportion of carriage isolates. However, the impact of vaccination on non-vaccine serotypes will need to be monitored.
2001年至2002年期间，在英国赫特福德郡开展了一项针对学龄前儿童及其家庭的为期10个月的纵向家庭研究，每月进行一次走访，收集流行病学数据并采集鼻咽拭子。肺炎球菌培养采用标准方法。共有121个家庭（489人）参与。携带率的平均值在0至2岁年龄组为52%，3至4岁为45%，5至17岁为21%，≥18岁为8%。0至2岁儿童中86%的人携带情况不止一次，而≥18岁的人群中这一比例为36%。0至2岁年龄组中最常见的血清型是6B，其次是19F、23F、6A和14。幼儿是家庭中大多数新血清型引入的原因。10%的样本出现红霉素耐药（单独或联合），3.7%的样本出现青霉素不敏感。总体而言，最近获批的7价结合疫苗（PCV）可预防64%的血清型（无血清群内交叉保护），有交叉保护时可预防82%的血清型。在英国，肺炎链球菌的鼻咽携带在结合疫苗时代之前很常见。PCV可预防大部分携带菌株。然而，疫苗接种对非疫苗血清型的影响需要进行监测。
