Hammerfald K, Eberle C, Grau M, Kinsperger A, Zimmermann A, Ehlert U, Gaab J
Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zürichbergstr. 43, CH-8044 Zürich, Switzerland.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2006 Apr;31(3):333-9. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.08.007. Epub 2005 Sep 23.
Psychosocial stress leads to a release of cortisol. While this psychoneuroendocrine response helps to maintain physiological as well as psychological equilibrium under stress, exaggerated secretion of cortisol has been shown to have negative effects on somatic health and cognitive functioning. The study set out to examine the long-term effects of cognitive-behavioral stress management training on cortisol stress responses in healthy men and women. Eighty-three healthy subjects were randomly assigned to cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) training or a control condition. Four months after the CBSM, 76 subjects underwent a standardized psychosocial stress test. Salivary cortisol responses were assessed repeatedly before and after the stress test. Subjects in the CBSM group showed significantly reduced cortisol stress responses. With regard to gender, this effect was observed in both men and women. However, the magnitude of the CBSM effect on cortisol responses was smaller in women than in men. Use of oral contraceptives in women influenced the cortisol response, but did not have an impact on the CBSM effect on cortisol. The results show that the previously reported attenuation of cortisol stress responses through CBSM persists and are observable in both men and women. Since stress-induced alterations of hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis functioning are discussed to be involved in the onset and maintenance of both somatic and psychiatric conditions, similar interventions could be used for prevention and therapy of these detrimental stress effects.
心理社会压力会导致皮质醇的释放。虽然这种心理神经内分泌反应有助于在压力下维持生理和心理平衡，但已表明皮质醇的过度分泌会对身体健康和认知功能产生负面影响。该研究旨在考察认知行为压力管理训练对健康男性和女性皮质醇应激反应的长期影响。83名健康受试者被随机分配到认知行为压力管理（CBSM）训练组或对照组。CBSM训练四个月后，76名受试者接受了标准化的心理社会压力测试。在压力测试前后反复评估唾液皮质醇反应。CBSM组的受试者表现出皮质醇应激反应显著降低。就性别而言，男性和女性均观察到这种效果。然而，CBSM对皮质醇反应的影响程度在女性中比在男性中小。女性使用口服避孕药会影响皮质醇反应，但对CBSM对皮质醇的影响没有作用。结果表明，先前报道的通过CBSM减轻皮质醇应激反应的现象持续存在，并且在男性和女性中均可观察到。由于应激引起的下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能改变被认为与躯体和精神疾病的发生及维持有关，类似的干预措施可用于预防和治疗这些有害的应激效应。
